Fig. 3. The distinct structural characteristics distinguishing the C5 side and C5′ side.

a The schematic of the solid angle of an ideal tetrahedron in a regular icosahedron. b The solid angle distribution of 20 crystal domains in ICNP-1. The dodecahedral framework is constructed by connecting adjacent tetrahedra. The color and size of the vertices represent the magnitude of solid angles. c Unwrapped surfaces of 20 domains of ICNP-1 with solid angles in both C5 and C5′ sides. d 3D rendering of 20 tetrahedral domains from C5 side to C5′ side, divided into 6 groups based on their relative distance to domain 1 and connectivity including 1 (domain 1, color red), 3 (domain 2–4, color orange), 6 (domain 5–10, color pink), 6 (domain 11–16, color gray), 3 (domain 17–19, color light blue) and 1 (domain 20, color blue) domains, respectively. e Number of atoms in each domain of four ICNPs plotted against the solid angle. f The general increasing distribution of solid angle from C5 to C5′ side drawn with four ICNPs. g The general decreasing distribution of number of atoms from C5 to C5′ side drawn with four ICNPs. In (e, f), we counted the statistics in ICNPs 1-4 in which all 20 tetrahedra can be easily recognized. In the other four ICNPs, some of the tetrahedra merge and grow into big domains, which we excluded from our statistics for comparison. The confidence interval in (e–g) is 95%. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.