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. 2025 Jan 31;12:1483563. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1483563

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of explanatory variables for highway segments with and without water deer roadkill events.

Variables Mean ± sd p-value
(t-test)
Highway segments with roadkill events (N = 1,986) Highway segments without roadkill events (N = 8,088)
Suitability of water deer 0.62 ± 0.09 0.58 ± 0.11 <0.001
Temperature −0.15 ± 2.03 0.38 ± 2.28 <0.001
Predator species richness 0.80 ± 0.73 0.99 ± 0.73 <0.001
Tree cover (%) 0.21 ± 0.204 0.28 ± 0.26 0.010
Deforestation level (%) 0.16 ± 1.04 0.10 ± 0.57 <0.001
Urban area (%) 39.35 ± 36.42 28.98 ± 34.22 <0.001