Table 5.
Odds ratio association analysis of demographic, lifestyle and medical conditions and DED in men
| Variables | Severe symptoms of DED | Clinically diagnosed DED | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | OR (95%C1) | p-value | Prevalence (%) | OR (95%C1) | p-value | |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||
| <55 | 3/32 (9.38) | 1.00 | 6/32 (18.75) | 1.00 | ||
| 55-75 | 9/104 (8.65) | 0.93(0.23-3.68) | 0.9241 | 11/104 (10.58) | 0.51(0.17-1.52) | 0.2276 |
| >75 | 2/29 (6.90) | 0.71(0.11-4.62) | 0.7255 | 6/29 (20.69) | 1.13(0.32-4.00) | 0.8491 |
| Education | ||||||
| Incomplete fundamental | 4/42 (9.52) | 1.00 | 7/42 (16.67) | 1.00 | ||
| Complete fundamental | 7/56(12.50) | 1.35(0.37-4.97) | 0.6451 | 9/56 (6.07) | 0.96(0.32-2.82) | 0.9371 |
| Incomplete secondary | 0/11 (0.00) | 0.37(0.02-7.43) | 0.5175 | 0/11 (0.00) | 0.20(0.01-3.89) | 0.2918 |
| Complete secondary | 3/43 (6.98) | 0.71(0.14-3.39 | 0.6705 | 6/43 (13.95) | 0.81(0.25-2.65) | 0.7285 |
| Incomplete superior | 0/6 (0.00) | 0.66(0.03-13.73) | 0.7872 | 0/6 (0.00) | 0.36(0.02-7.18) | 0.5067 |
| Complete superior | 0/7 (0.00) | 0.57(0.03-11.74) | 0.716 | 1/7 (14.29) | 0.83(0.09-8.04) | 0.8748 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 7/84 (8.33) | 1.00 | 10/84 (11.90) | 1.00 | ||
| African American | 0/15 (0.00) | 0.33(0.02-6.14) | 0.46 | 2/15 (13.33) | 1.14(0.22-5.80) | 0.8706 |
| Mixed (Mulatto/ Pardo) | 6/60 (10.00) | 1.22(0.38-3.83) | 0.7311 | 10/60 (16.67) | 1.48(0.57-3.81) | 0.4172 |
| Asian | 1/5 (20.00) | 2.75(0.26-28.09) | 0.3936 | 1/5 (20) | 1.85(0.19-18.24) | 0.5983 |
| Native American | 0/1 (0.00) | 3.44(0.13-92.21) | 0.4609 | 0/1 (0.00) | 2.36(0.09-61.93) | 0.6054 |
| Computer use | ||||||
| No | 14/157 (8.92) | 1.00 | 21/157 (13.38) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0/8 (0.00) | 0.58(0.03-10.61) | 0.7149 | 2/8 (25.00) | 2.16(0.41-11.41) | 0.365 |
| Cigarrette smoking | ||||||
| No | 11/91 (12.09) | 1.00 | 13/91 (14.29) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 3/74 (4.05) | 0.30(0.08-1.14) | 0.0789 | 10/74 (13.51) | 0.94(0.38-2.28) | 0.8868 |
| Diabetes (Type 11) | ||||||
| No | 12/134 (8.96) | 1.00 | 21/134 (15.67) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2/31 (6.45) | 0.70(0.14-3.30) | 0.6536 | 2/31 (6.45) | 0.37(0.08-1.67) | 0.1972 |
| Cardiopathy | ||||||
| No | 12/147 (8.16) | 1.00 | 19/147 (12.93) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2/18 (11.11) | 1.5(0.31-7.46) | 0.5979 | 4/18 (22.22) | 1.92(0.57-6.46) | 0.2893 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 8/80 (10.00) | 1.00 | 8/80 (10.00) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 6/85 (7.06) | 0.68(0.23-2.06) | 0.5 | 15/85 (17.65) | 1.92(0.77-4.83) | 0.1613 |
| Rheumatism | ||||||
| No | 12/157 (7.64) | 1.00 | 23/157 (15.65) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2/8 (25.00) | 4.03(0.73-22.16) | 0.1093 | 0/8 (0.00) | 0.33(0.02-6.03) | 0.4596 |
| Depression medication | ||||||
| No | 14/156 (8.97) | 1.00 | 21/156 (13.46) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0/9 (0.00) | 0.57(0.03-10.26) | 0.702 | 2/9 (22.22) | 1.83(0.36-9.44) | 0.4667 |
| Allergy medication | ||||||
| No | 13/156 (8.33) | 1.00 | 22/156 (14.10) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1/9 (11.11) | 1.5(0.17-12.94) | 0.7122 | 1/9 (11.11) | 0.76(0.09-6.39) | 0.8017 |
| Contact lenses users | ||||||
| No | 14/165 (8.48) | 1.00 | 23/165 (13.94) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0/0 (0.00) | 10.45(0.2-546.37) | 0.2451 | 0/0 (0.00) | 6.06(0.12-313.11) | 0.3704 |
| Eye drop users | ||||||
| No | 5/133 (3.76) | 1.00 | 7/133 (5.26) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 9/32 (28.13) | 10.02(3.08-32.60) | 0.0001 | 16/32 (50.00) | 18.00(6.43-50.38) | <0.0001 |