Table 1.
Patient characteristics. P-values as determined by Chi-square, Fisher's exact or Mann-Whitney-U tests as appropriate
| LTS (n = 294) | STS (n = 91) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 140 (47.6%) | 39 (42.9%) | 0.499 |
| Male | 154 (52.4%) | 52 (57.1%) | |
| Median age (years, range) at diagnosis | 37 (18–78) | 65 (18–81) | < 0.001 |
| Median Karnofsky Performance Status (range) | 90% (70%−100%) | 80% (40%−100%) | < 0.001 |
| Original histological diagnosis at first surgery (including pre-WHO 2016 diagnoses) | |||
| Astrocytic | 130 (44.2%) | 73 (80.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Oligodendroglial | 86 (29.3%) | 8 (8.8%) | |
| Mixed | 78 (26.5%) | 8 (8.8%) | |
| Not otherwise specified (NOS) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| Original WHO grade at first surgery | |||
| WHO grade II | 201 (68.4%) | 22 (24.2%) | < 0.001 |
| WHO grade III | 93 (31.6%) | 69 (75.8%) | |
| MGMT promoter methylation status | n = 165 | n = 59 | |
| Methylated | 139 (84.2%) | 22 (37.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Unmethylated | 26 (15.8%) | 37 (62.7%) | |
| Tumor site | |||
| Frontal | 169 (57.5%) | 20 (22.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Temporal | 73 (24.8%) | 24 (26.4%) | |
| Parietal | 16 (5.4%) | 15 (16.5%) | |
| Occipital | 9 (3.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | |
| Insular | 18 (6.1%) | 3 (3.3%) | |
| Other (supratentorial) | 8 (2.7%) | 16 (17.6%) | |
| Other (infratentorial) | 1 (0.3%) | 9 (9.9%) | |
| Extent of resection at first surgery | |||
| Gross total resection (GTR) | 116 (39.5%) | 9 (9.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Subtotal resection (STR) | 117 (39.8%) | 25 (27.5%) | |
| Biopsy | 52 (17.7%) | 55 (60.4%) | |
| unknown | 9 (3.1%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| Postoperative treatment | |||
| Radio-chemotherapy | 59 (20.1%) | 35 (38.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Radiotherapy only | 45 (15.3%) | 12 (13.2%) | |
| Chemotherapy only | 11 (3.7%) | 9 (9.9%) | |
| Watch-and-wait | 177 (60.2%) | 33 (36.3%) | |
| Unknown/lost to follow-up | 2 (0.7%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| Chemotherapy regimen | n = 70 | n = 44 | |
| RT/TMZ + TMZ | 38 (54.3%) | 17 (38.6%) | 0.030 |
| RT/TMZ | 4 (5.7%) | 12 (27.3%) | |
| Adjuvant TMZ (without radiotherapy) | 9 (12.9%) | 6 (13.6%) | |
| Dose-dense TMZ | 6 (8.6%) | 5 (11.4%) | |
| CCNU | 6 (8.6%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| PCV | 3 (4.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Experimental | 3 (4.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
| RT/TMZ + TMZ (hypofractionated RT) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
CCNU = lomustine; LTS = long-term survivors; PCV = procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine; RT = radiotherapy; STS = short-term survivors; TMZ = temozolomide; WHO = World Health Organization