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. 2025 Feb 3;12:1486917. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1486917

Table 1.

The characteristics of participants according to quartiles of TCBI.

Characteristics TCBI quartiles p-value
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
N 1,786 1,787 1,785 1,787
Age (years) 59.86 ± 9.56 59.00 ± 9.02 58.84 ± 8.77 57.73 ± 8.20 <0.001
Sex <0.001
Male 991 (55.49%) 930 (52.04%) 847 (47.45%) 855 (47.85%)
Female 795 (44.51%) 857 (47.96%) 938 (52.55%) 932 (52.15%)
Residence <0.001
City 536 (30.01%) 628 (35.14%) 693 (38.82%) 811 (45.38%)
Rural 1,250 (69.99%) 1,159 (64.86%) 1,092 (61.18%) 976 (54.62%)
Education <0.001
Below primary school 829 (46.42%) 724 (40.51%) 737 (41.29%) 689 (38.56%)
Primary school 422 (23.63%) 446 (24.96%) 405 (22.69%) 432 (24.17%)
Middle school 377 (21.11%) 400 (22.38%) 413 (23.14%) 443 (24.79%)
High school and above 158 (8.85%) 217 (12.14%) 230 (12.89%) 223 (12.48%)
Marital status 0.006
Married and cohabiting 1,557 (87.18%) 1,595 (89.26%) 1,604 (89.86%) 1,620 (90.60%)
Others 229 (12.82%) 192 (10.74%) 181 (10.14%) 167 (9.35%)
Retirement <0.001
No 1,633 (91.43%) 1,593 (89.14%) 1,542 (86.39%) 1,507 (84.33%)
Yes 153 (8.57%) 194 (10.86%) 243 (13.61%) 280 (15.67%)
Current smoking <0.001
No 1,121 (62.77%) 1,173 (65.64%) 1,260 (70.59%) 1,277 (71.46%)
Yes 664 (37.18%) 614 (34.36%) 525 (29.41%) 510 (28.54%)
Current drinking 0.008
No 1,108 (62.04%) 1,146 (64.13%) 1,198 (67.11%) 1,180 (66.03%)
Yes 678 (37.96%) 641 (35.87%) 587 (32.89%) 607 (33.97%)
Socializing <0.001
No 943 (52.80%) 855 (47.85%) 791 (44.31%) 751 (42.03%)
Yes 843 (47.20%) 932 (52.15%) 994 (55.69%) 1,036 (57.97%)
Hypertension <0.001
No 1,117 (62.54%) 1,020 (57.08%) 880 (49.30%) 724 (40.51%)
Yes 669 (37.46%) 767 (42.92%) 905 (50.70%) 1,063 (59.49%)
Diabetes <0.001
No 1,634 (91.49%) 1,586 (88.75%) 1,529 (85.66%) 1,332 (74.54%)
Yes 152 (8.51%) 201 (11.25%) 256 (14.34%) 455 (25.46%)
Dyslipidemia <0.001
No 1,701 (95.24%) 1,648 (92.22%) 1,605 (89.92%) 1,456 (81.48%)
Yes 85 (4.76%) 139 (7.78%) 180 (10.08%) 331 (18.52%)
Stroke 0.267
No 1,754 (98.21%) 1,748 (97.82%) 1,737 (97.31%) 1,741 (97.43%)
Yes 32 (1.79%) 39 (2.18%) 48 (2.69%) 46 (2.57%)
Depressive symptoms <0.001
No 1,084 (60.69%) 1,139 (63.74%) 1,168 (65.43%) 1,222 (68.38%)
Yes 702 (39.31%) 648 (36.26%) 617 (34.57%) 565 (31.62%)
SBP (mmHg) 125.54 ± 21.20 127.56 ± 20.80 130.49 ± 21.19 133.56 ± 20.61 <0.001
DBP (mmHg) 72.57 ± 11.78 74.52 ± 11.91 76.20 ± 12.07 78.78 ± 11.98 <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 21.35 ± 2.86 22.81 ± 3.16 24.32 ± 3.54 26.03 ± 4.07 <0.001
Body weight (kg) 53.14 ± 8.83 57.49 ± 9.44 61.59 ± 10.60 66.71 ± 12.14 <0.001
FPG (mg/dL) 98.64 (91.21, 106.92) 100.44 (93.78, 109.8) 102.96 (95.58, 113.04) 109.08 (99.54, 126.00) <0.001
TC (mg/dL) 169.12 ± 29.51 187.45 ± 31.32 199.30 ± 32.16 218.35 ± 38.88 <0.001
TG (mg/dL) 61.95 (52.21, 72.57) 89.39 (77.88, 103.55) 125.67 (107.09, 145.14) 207.98 (167.27, 278.78) <0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL) 99.68 ± 25.29 116.12 ± 28.53 126.13 ± 31.73 124.46 ± 43.77 <0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL) 58.82 ± 15.06 54.72 ± 14.75 48.72 ± 12.73 41.61 ± 11.90 <0.001
hsCRP (mg/L) 0.80 (0.45, 1.83) 0.88 (0.49, 1.94) 1.08 (0.59, 2.14) 1.32 (0.74, 2.62) <0.001
Cognitive score 14.84 ± 4.90 15.54 ± 4.92 15.61 ± 4.80 16.19 ± 4.74 <0.001
Cognitive impairment <0.001
No 1,326 (74.24%) 1,436 (80.36%) 1,438 (80.56%) 1,495 (83.66%)
Yes 460 (25.76%) 351 (19.64%) 347 (19.44%) 292 (16.34%)

BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TCBI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and body weight index; TG, triglyceride. TCBI was classified as Q1 (<749), Q2 (749–1,185), Q3 (1,185–1,938), and Q4 (≥1,938).