Table 1.

Factors, conditions, and processes that modify TJ function (Figure 2).

Factors	Conditions/activity
Neurotransmitters: glutamate Cytokines/mediators: TNFa, IL-1, VEGF Nuclear factor κB Reactive oxygen species Proteolytic enzymes – matrix metalloproteinases miRNA Toxins Drugs Nanoparticles	Ischemia/hypoxia Inflammation Tumorigenesis Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation Ubiquitination Palmitoylation