Table 1.

Glossary of terms, abbreviations, and definitions

Term	Definition
Black feminist theory (BFT)	An intersectional theory that centers Black women’s lived experiences both theoretically and methodologically. Patricia Hill Collins [1] locates BFT in four tenets – (1) Black women empower themselves by creating self-definitions and self-valuations that enable them to establish positive, multiple images and to repel negative, controlling representations of Black womanhood; (2) Black women confront and dismantle the “overarching” and “interlocking” structure of domination in terms of race, class, and gender oppression; (3) Black women intertwine intellectual thought and political activism; (4) Black women recognize a distinct cultural heritage that gives them the energy and skills to resist and transform daily discrimination.
Gendered racism	A type of gender and racial oppression that intersects to create a distinct type of subjugation experienced by women of color [3].
Internalized racism	Acceptance by members of the stigmatized races of negative messages about their own abilities and intrinsic worth [4].
Interpersonal racism	Prejudice and discriminatory treatment from individual perpetrators on the basis of perceived racial differences regardless of intent [4].
Obstetric racism	An occurrence and analytical tool that sits at the intersection of obstetric violence and medical racism. It facilitates mechanisms of subordination that create adverse medical experiences to which Black pregnant and postpartum people are subjected. Dána-Ain Davis [5] outlines the six dimensions of obstetric racism as beliefs and behaviors of any medical staff that demonstrates: (1) having critical lapses in diagnosis; (2) being neglectful, dismissive, or disrespectful; (3) intentionally causing pain; (4) perpetuating medical abuse; (5) coercing patients; and (6) staging ceremonies of degradation. Davis added three responses to obstetric racism: refusal, resistance, and racial reconnaissance.
Reproductive justice (RJ)	Was coined in 1994 by twelve Black women. It is a social movement and human rights framework that rests on centuries of Black feminism and Black women’s intellectual and radical organizing traditions. RJ focuses on more than legal rights related to abortion and contraception and connects bodily autonomy and reproduction to broader social justice issues, such as access to high quality affordable healthcare, housing, and education. As such, it is grounded in four main principles – (1) the right to have children; (2) the right not to have children; (3) the right to raise children in safety and with dignity; and (4) the right to bodily autonomy to disassociate sex from reproduction [6].
Systemic and structural racism	Emphasizes the involvement of whole systems, and often all systems (e.g., political, legal, economic, healthcare, school, and criminal justice systems) in the (re)production of race-based oppression, including the structures that uphold these systems [7].