Figure 3.

Vortioxetine induces autophagy in GBM cells

U251 and T98G cells were transfected with mCherry-GFP-LC3B plasmids and treated with or without vortioxetine. Representative images of mCherry-GFP-LC3B-labeled autophagosomes, with scale bars indicating 10 μm (A). U251 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of vortioxetine (0, 6, 8, 10, or 12 μM), and autophagy-related proteins were assessed by western blot analysis (B). U251 cells treated with vortioxetine (8 μM) were evaluated for changes in autophagy-related protein expression at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr using western blot analysis (C). The scale bar indicated a length of 10 μm.

GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme