Table 2.
Comparison of all groups with biochemical, molecular and histological findings
| Groups → Biochemical Parameters ↓ | Control | SCI | BA+SCI | SCI+BA | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDA (nmol/mg protein) |
13.94±3.23 | 17.69±2.6 | 11.25±3.55 | 15.40±3.02 | SCI & BA+SCI ** |
| TOS (µmol H2O2 eq/l |
41.50±8.4 | 62±11.16 | 48.75±10.69 | 54.5±7.3 | Control & SCI ** SCI & BA+SCI * |
| TAS (mmol Trolox eq/l) |
2.86±1.17 | 2.06±0.49 | 3.23±1.4 | 2.34±0.28 | No significant |
| OSI (OSI; arbitrary unit) |
16.17±7.62 | 31.25±8.21 | 17.36±6.76 | 23.59±4.39 | Control & SCI *** SCI & BA+SCI ** |
| Groups → Molecular Parameters ↓ | Control | SCI | BA+SCI | SCI+BA | p |
| Cytochrome c | 1.0 | 2.183±0.58 | 1.461±0.36 | 1.233±0.61 | Control & SCI *** SCI & BA+SCI * SCI & SCI+BA ** |
| Caspase 3 | 1.0 (1-1) |
2.02 (1.77-2.17) |
1.8 (1.23-2.25) |
1.42 (1.06-1.71) |
Control & SCI ** |
| Groups→ Histological Parameters ↓ | Control | SCI | BA+SCI | SCI+BA | p |
| Cell damage/Ischemia | 0 (0-0) | 3 (2-3) | 1 (1-2) | 2 (1-2) | Control & SCI **** Control & SCI+BA * BA+SCI & SCI * |
| Myelin damage/Vacuolization | 0 (0-0) | 3 (2-3) | 0 (0-1) | 2 (1-2) | Control & SCI **** Control & SCI+BA * BA+SCI & SCI *** |
| Ependymal cell damaged | 0 (0-0) | 2 (2-3) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (1-2) | Control & SCI **** Control & SCI+BA * BA+SCI & SCI *** |
| Hemorrhage | 0 (0-0) | 3 (2-3) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | Control & SCI **** BA+SCI & SCI *** SCI+BA & SCI * |
Spinal cord injury (SCI), boric acid+spinal cord injury (BA+SCI), spinal cord injury+boric acid (SCI+BA), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, ***P<0.001