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. 2025 Feb 16;25:14. doi: 10.1186/s40644-025-00837-5

Table 1.

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with HNSCC in the training, Internal validation, and external validation cohorts

Clinical Characteristics Training Cohort (n = 267) Internal validation cohort (n = 115) External validation cohort (n = 134) P value
Age (mean ± SD, years)  61.70 ± 8.50  59.85 ± 8.16  58.76 ± 8.63 0.003
Histological differentiation 0.505
Well 31 (11.61%) 11 (9.57%) 14 (10.45%)
Moderately 115 (43.07%) 48 (41.74%) 47 (35.07%)
Poorly 121(45.32%) 56 (48.69%) 73 (54.48%)
T stage 0.043
2 89 (33.33%) 30 (26.09%) 46 (34.33%)
3 120 (44.94%) 46 (40.00%) 46 (34.33%)
4 58 (21.73%) 39 (33.91%) 42 (31.34%)
N stage 0.321
0 85 (31.84%) 34 (29.57%) 33 (24.63%)
1 83 (31.09%) 31 (26.96%) 40 (29.85%)
2 92 (34.46%) 42 (36.52%) 53 (39.55%)
3 7 (2.61%) 8 (6.95%) 8 (5.97%)
Smoking 0.519
No 72 (27.00%) 29 (25.22%) 42 (31.34%)
Yes 195 (73.00%) 86 (74.78%) 92 (68.66%)
Drink 0.758
No 185(85.5%) 79 (68.70%) 88 (65.67%)
Yes 82 (14.5%) 36 (31.30%) 46 (34.33%)
Sex 0.196
Male 238 (89.14%) 109 (76.20%) 123 (91.79%)
Female 29(10.86%) 6 (23.80%) 11 (8.21%)

P value < 0.05 is considered as a significant difference.SD, standard deviation