Table 2. Adjusted odds ratios of substance use among participants with childhood trauma experience.
| Childhood trauma experience |
Substance use Smoker vs. non-smoker |
Cigarette use Smoker vs. non-smoker |
E-cigarette use Smoker vs. non-smoker |
Alcohol use Drinker vs. non-drinker |
|||||||||||
| aOR | (95% CI) | P | aOR | (95% CI) | P | aOR | (95% CI) | P | aOR | (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Abbreviation: aOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval. * Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity group, place of residence, and per capita disposable income. | |||||||||||||||
| Ever experienced childhood trauma Emotional abuse | |||||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mild | 1.16 | 1.11–1.22 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 1.01–1.17 | 0.019 | 1.23 | 1.12–1.36 | <0.001 | 1.17 | 1.12–1.23 | <0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 1.22 | 1.09–1.37 | 0.001 | 1.25 | 1.07–1.46 | 0.004 | 1.36 | 1.12–1.67 | 0.002 | 1.25 | 1.11–1.39 | 0.001 | |||
| Severe | 1.22 | 1.04–1.42 | 0.013 | 1.63 | 1.34–1.98 | <0.001 | 1.73 | 1.36–2.21 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.06–1.44 | 0.006 | |||
| Physical abuse | |||||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mild | 1.10 | 1.02–1.20 | 0.018 | 1.08 | 0.97–1.20 | 0.170 | 1.17 | 1.01–1.35 | 0.038 | 1.11 | 1.03–1.21 | 0.010 | |||
| Moderate | 0.98 | 0.87–1.10 | 0.725 | 0.98 | 0.85–1.12 | 0.742 | 1.02 | 0.85–1.23 | 0.826 | 1.00 | 0.89–1.12 | 0.988 | |||
| Severe | 0.98 | 0.85–1.13 | 0.799 | 0.99 | 0.84–1.18 | 0.942 | 0.95 | 0.76–1.20 | 0.685 | 0.99 | 0.86–1.14 | 0.880 | |||
| Sexual abuse | |||||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mild | 1.39 | 1.32–1.46 | <0.001 | 1.25 | 1.17–1.33 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.23–1.48 | <0.001 | 1.39 | 1.32–1.46 | <0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 1.50 | 1.39–1.62 | <0.001 | 1.48 | 1.35–1.61 | <0.001 | 1.57 | 1.38–1.77 | <0.001 | 1.50 | 1.40–1.62 | <0.001 | |||
| Severe | 1.54 | 1.32–1.80 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 1.06–1.51 | 0.008 | 1.55 | 1.24–1.95 | 0.001 | 1.39 | 1.20–1.62 | <0.001 | |||
| Physical neglect | |||||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mild | 1.11 | 1.07–1.15 | <0.001 | 1.18 | 1.12–1.25 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 1.02–1.20 | 0.012 | 1.09 | 1.05–1.13 | <0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 1.21 | 1.16–1.27 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.18–1.35 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 1.13–1.37 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 1.15–1.26 | <0.001 | |||
| Severe | 1.11 | 1.04–1.19 | 0.003 | 1.35 | 1.24–1.47 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.11–1.43 | 0.001 | 1.03 | 0.97–1.10 | 0.320 | |||
| Emotional neglect | |||||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mild | 1.10 | 1.06–1.14 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.81–0.90 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.83–0.97 | 0.009 | 1.10 | 1.06–1.14 | <0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 1.08 | 1.01–1.14 | 0.020 | 0.92 | 0.85–1.00 | 0.061 | 0.98 | 0.87–1.11 | 0.718 | 1.07 | 1.01–1.14 | 0.020 | |||
| Severe | 0.96 | 0.90–1.02 | 0.173 | 1.07 | 0.98–1.16 | 0.141 | 1.23 | 1.09–1.39 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.86–0.97 | 0.004 | |||