Table 5.

Logistic regression analysis of sleep patterns and constipation by BMI.

BMI, Kg/m2	Healthy sleep	Intermediate sleep		Poor sleep		P-trend
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Model 1
< 25	ref	1.248 (0.908, 1.714)	0.169	1.935 (1.198, 3.125)	0.008	0.006
25–29.9	ref	1.002 (0.796, 1.261)	0.986	1.715 (1.253, 2.346)	<0.001	0.006
≥ 30	ref	1.104 (0.889, 1.371)	0.368	2.133 (1.777, 2.560)	<0.0001	<0.0001
Model 2
< 25	ref	1.198 (0.865, 1.658)	0.272	2.042 (1.263, 3.302)	0.004	0.006
25–29.9	ref	0.968 (0.768, 1.219)	0.779	1.745 (1.266, 2.405)	<0.001	0.008
≥ 30	ref	1.099 (0.883, 1.369)	0.394	2.154 (1.792, 2.588)	<0.0001	<0.0001
Model 3
< 25	ref	1.187 (0.855, 1.649)	0.300	1.701 (0.967, 2.992)	0.065	0.053
25–29.9	ref	0.959 (0.743, 1.239)	0.747	1.475 (1.019, 2.134)	0.040	0.100
≥ 30	ref	1.152 (0.912, 1.456)	0.231	1.659 (1.349, 2.041)	<0.0001	<0.0001

Healthy sleep pattern: score 0, no high-risk sleep factors. Intermediate sleep pattern: score 1, presence of 1 high-risk sleep factor. Poor sleep pattern: score 2–3, presence of 2–3 high-risk sleep factors.

Model 1: without excluding any confounders.

Model 2: adjusted for gender, age and ethnicity.

Model 3: adjusted for Mode 2 plus education, marital status, BMI, PIR, smoke, alcohol consumption, physical activity, HEI-2015, hypertension, SII, PHQ-9.

Ref: reference.