Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Characteristics | Overall | TyG-BMI tertile | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1(118.73-166.15) | T2(166.16-190.48) | T3(190.49-338.58) | |||
| Participants | 588 | 196 | 196 | 196 | |
| Age (years) | 32.07 ± 3.80 | 31.84 ± 3.68 | 32.01 ± 3.64 | 32.35 ± 4.07 | 0.399 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 12.00 (10.00–15.00) | 11.00 (9.00–14.00) | 11.00 (9.75-15.00) | 14.00 (11.00–19.00) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 11.00 (8.00–15.00) | 10.00 (8.00–13.00) | 11.00 (8.00–15.00) | 13.00 (9.00-17.50) | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 16.00 (14.00–20.00) | 16.00 (14.00–19.00) | 16.00 (14.00–20.00) | 16.00 (14.00–20.00) | 0.531 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 8.40 (5.40-11.55) | 6.35 (4.07–9.03) | 8.40 (5.35–11.20) | 11.00 (7.47–16.42) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.02 ± 3.48 | 18.94 ± 1.29 | 21.39 ± 1.21 | 25.73 ± 3.11 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 172.80 ± 27.21 | 163.59 ± 23.61 | 171.47 ± 26.12 | 183.34 ± 28.11 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 118.82 ± 47.49 | 94.18 ± 28.53 | 116.77 ± 38.59 | 145.51 ± 56.18 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 64.90 ± 13.55 | 66.54 ± 13.03 | 64.12 ± 13.43 | 64.04 ± 14.10 | 0.115 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 84.02 ± 21.81 | 78.23 ± 19.39 | 83.62 ± 20.48 | 90.20 ± 23.74 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 77.01 ± 9.72 | 74.62 ± 8.70 | 76.97 ± 8.24 | 79.42 ± 11.36 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.50 (1.00-2.30) | 1.10 (0.70–1.70) | 1.60 (1.00-2.20) | 2.20 (1.30–3.12) | < 0.001 |
| Parity | 0.030 | ||||
| No | 309 (52.55%) | 109 (55.61%) | 112 (57.14%) | 88 (44.90%) | |
| Yes | 279 (47.45%) | 87 (44.39%) | 84 (42.86%) | 108 (55.10%) | |
| GDM | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 552 (93.88%) | 193 (98.47%) | 189 (96.43%) | 170 (86.73%) | |
| Yes | 36 (6.12%) | 3 (1.53%) | 7 (3.57%) | 26 (13.27%) | |
| Hepatic steatosis | < 0.001 | ||||
| Grade 0 | 478 (81.29%) | 182 (92.86%) | 170 (86.73%) | 126 (64.29%) | |
| Grade 1 | 85 (14.46%) | 14 (7.14%) | 24 (12.24%) | 47 (23.98%) | |
| Grade 2 | 17 (2.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.51%) | 16 (8.16%) | |
| Grade 3 | 8 (1.36%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.51%) | 7 (3.57%) | |
Values are reported as mean ± SD, median (Q1-Q3), or N (%)