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. 2025 Feb 17;25:170. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07294-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants

Characteristics Overall TyG-BMI tertile P value
T1(118.73-166.15) T2(166.16-190.48) T3(190.49-338.58)
Participants 588 196 196 196
Age (years) 32.07 ± 3.80 31.84 ± 3.68 32.01 ± 3.64 32.35 ± 4.07 0.399
GGT (IU/L) 12.00 (10.00–15.00) 11.00 (9.00–14.00) 11.00 (9.75-15.00) 14.00 (11.00–19.00) < 0.001
ALT (IU/L) 11.00 (8.00–15.00) 10.00 (8.00–13.00) 11.00 (8.00–15.00) 13.00 (9.00-17.50) < 0.001
AST (IU/L) 16.00 (14.00–20.00) 16.00 (14.00–19.00) 16.00 (14.00–20.00) 16.00 (14.00–20.00) 0.531
Insulin (µIU/mL) 8.40 (5.40-11.55) 6.35 (4.07–9.03) 8.40 (5.35–11.20) 11.00 (7.47–16.42) < 0.001
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) 22.02 ± 3.48 18.94 ± 1.29 21.39 ± 1.21 25.73 ± 3.11 < 0.001
TC (mg/dL) 172.80 ± 27.21 163.59 ± 23.61 171.47 ± 26.12 183.34 ± 28.11 < 0.001
TG (mg/dL) 118.82 ± 47.49 94.18 ± 28.53 116.77 ± 38.59 145.51 ± 56.18 < 0.001
HDL (mg/dL) 64.90 ± 13.55 66.54 ± 13.03 64.12 ± 13.43 64.04 ± 14.10 0.115
LDL (mg/dL) 84.02 ± 21.81 78.23 ± 19.39 83.62 ± 20.48 90.20 ± 23.74 < 0.001
FPG (mg/dL) 77.01 ± 9.72 74.62 ± 8.70 76.97 ± 8.24 79.42 ± 11.36 < 0.001
HOMA-IR 1.50 (1.00-2.30) 1.10 (0.70–1.70) 1.60 (1.00-2.20) 2.20 (1.30–3.12) < 0.001
Parity 0.030
No 309 (52.55%) 109 (55.61%) 112 (57.14%) 88 (44.90%)
Yes 279 (47.45%) 87 (44.39%) 84 (42.86%) 108 (55.10%)
GDM < 0.001
No 552 (93.88%) 193 (98.47%) 189 (96.43%) 170 (86.73%)
Yes 36 (6.12%) 3 (1.53%) 7 (3.57%) 26 (13.27%)
Hepatic steatosis < 0.001
Grade 0 478 (81.29%) 182 (92.86%) 170 (86.73%) 126 (64.29%)
Grade 1 85 (14.46%) 14 (7.14%) 24 (12.24%) 47 (23.98%)
Grade 2 17 (2.89%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (0.51%) 16 (8.16%)
Grade 3 8 (1.36%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (0.51%) 7 (3.57%)

Values are reported as mean ± SD, median (Q1-Q3), or N (%)