Table 1.
Basic information and surgical data
| Group C | Group Z | χ2/Z/t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 65(9.5) | 66(12.25) | -0.016 | 0.988 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 22(57.9%) | 23(60.5%) | 0.054 | 0.815 |
| Female | 16(42.1%) | 15(39.5%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.20 ± 2.68 | 24.22 ± 2.67 | -0.027 | 0.979 |
| ASA | ||||
| I | 0 | 0 | ||
| II | 30(78.9%) | 31(81.6%) | 0.083 | 0.773 |
| III | 8(21.1%) | 7(18.4%) | ||
| Incision | ||||
| Non-stoma | 29(76.3%) | 30(78.9%) | 0. 076 | 0.783 |
| Stoma | 9(23.7%) | 8(21.1%) | ||
| Comorbidities | 0.697 | |||
| Hypertension | 9(23.7%) | 10(26.3%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3(7.9%) | 5(13.2%) 0.769 | ||
| None | 26(68.4%) | 23(60.5%) | ||
| Pulse rate | 76(14) | 77.5(16.5) | -0.946 | 0.344 |
| MAP | 100.32 ± 10.87 | 96.29 ± 10.37 | 0.442 | 0.103 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 159.68 ± 45.59 | 157.74 ± 42.77 | 0.192 | 0.848 |
| Time of extubation (min) | 14.11 ± 5.90 | 11.82 ± 4.83 | 1.851 | 0.068 |
| Perioperative medications | ||||
| Propofol (mg) | 130(20) | 140(30) | -1.391 | 0.164 |
| Sufentanil (µg) | 26(3.5) | 28(5) | -1.587 | 0.112 |
| Vecuronium bromide (mg) | 7(1) | 7(1.25) | -1.442 | 0.149 |
| Remifentanil (mg) | 0.741 ± 0.162 | 0.667 ± 0.158 | -1.867 | 0.062 |
| Norepinephrine (µg) | 2(23) | 6(16) | -0.814 | 0.416 |
| Ephedrine (mg) | 0(0) | 0(0) | -0.015 | 0.988 |
| Atropine (mg) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Esmolol (mg) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Infusion volume (mL) | 2000(500) | 2225(500) | -0.214 | 0.830 |
| Blood volume (mL) | 100(142.5) | 100(150) | -0.473 | 0.636 |
| Urine volume (mL) | 300(100) | 200(162.5) | -0.21 | 0.834 |
| PSQI scores | 10(2) | 10(3) | -0.582 | 0.560 |
Notes: Values are mean ± SD, number (%) and median (IQR). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; Group C, control group; Group Z, zolpidem group; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index