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Serum TNF-α-concentrations
| Group C | Group Z | t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (pg/mL) | 4.98 ± 2.62 | 4.99 ± 1.99 | 0.008 | 0.994 |
| T1 (pg/mL) | 5.12 ± 2.73 | 4.89 ± 1.93 | -0.428 | 0.670 |
| T2 (pg/mL) | 7.87 ± 3.37 | 6.93 ± 2.30 | -1.421 | 0.160 |
| T3 (pg/mL) | 6.99 ± 3.26 | 5.68 ± 1.69 | -2.209 | 0.031* |
Notes: Values are mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
Abbreviations: Group C, control group; Group Z, zolpidem group; T0, the day before surgery; T1, before induction of anesthesia; T2, the immediate postoperative period; T3, 24 h after surgery
