Table 7.
Factors associated with vaginal potential neonatal pathogen colonization in public health facilities of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2023.
| Factors | Pathogen colonization n (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||
| Age (Year) | ≤28 | 101 (52.9) | 90 (47.1) | 1 | |||
| >28 | 92 (58.6) | 65 (41.4) | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 0.286 | |||
| Residence | Urban | 145 (55.1) | 118 (44.9) | 1 | |||
| Rural | 48 (56.5) | 37 (43.5) | 1.06 (0.65–1.73) | 0.829 | |||
| Marital status | Single | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | 1 | |||
| Married | 174 (55.9) | 137 (44.1) | 1.75 (0.68–4.46) | 0.244 | |||
| Divorced | 8 (57.1) | 6 (42.9) | 1.83 (0.45–7.41) | 0.395 | |||
| Widowed | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 4.13 (0.36–47.30) | 0.255 | |||
| Educational status | Unable to read and write | 15 (55.6) | 12 (44.4) | 0.92 (0.40–2.12) | 0.837 | 0.51 (0.17–1.52) | 0.224 |
| Elementary | 46 (48.4) | 49 (51.6) | 0.69 (0.40–1.18) | 0.173 | 0.49 (0.24–1.97) | 0.410 | |
| Secondary | 61 (59.2) | 42 (40.8) | 1.06 (0.63–1.81) | 0.820 | 0.99 (0.54–1.85) | 0.993 | |
| High grade | 71 (57.7) | 52 (42.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Occupation | Civil servant | 22 (55) | 18 (45) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Student | 6 (42.9) | 8 (57.1) | 0.61 (0.18–2.10) | 0.436 | 0.68 (0.18–2.57) | 0.570 | |
| Farmer | 9 (50) | 9 (50) | 0.82 (0.27–2.49) | 0.724 | 0.64 (0.16–2.58) | 0.526 | |
| House wife | 122 (54.2) | 103 (45.8) | 0.97 (0.49–1.91) | 0.927 | 1.25 (0.55–2.81) | 0.593 | |
| Merchant | 25 (69.4) | 11 (30.6) | 1.86 (0.72–4.78) | 0.198 | 2.19 (0.81–5.93) | 0.121 | |
| Daily labor | 9 (60) | 6 (40) | 1.23 (0.37–4.10) | 0.739 | 1.45 (0.40–5.23) | 0.574 | |
| Source of drinking water | Public tap water | 167 (55.3) | 135 (44.7) | 1.14 (0.51–2.58) | 0.750 | ||
| Spring tape water | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 1.50 (0.46–4.88) | 0.500 | |||
| Private | 13 (52) | 12 (48) | 1 | ||||
| Domestic animal in the house | Yes | 53 (68.8) | 24 (31.2) | 2.07 (1.21–3.54) | 0.008* | 2.88 (1.55–5.36) | 0.001* |
| No | 140 (51.7) | 131 (48.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Gestational age (week) | <37 | 29 (58) | 21 (42) | 1.13 (0.62–2.07) | 0.696 | ||
| ≥37 | 164 (55) | 134 (45) | 1 | ||||
| Number of ANC visit | <4 | 62 (53.9) | 53 (46.1) | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 0.683 | ||
| ≥4 | 131 (56.2) | 102 (43.8) | 1 | ||||
| History of antibiotic use | Yes | 10 (55.6) | 8 (44.4) | 1.00 (0.39–2.61) | 0.993 | ||
| No | 183 (55.5) | 147 (44.5) | 1 | ||||
| Type of gravidia | Primigravida | 57 (52.8) | 51 (47.2) | 1 | |||
| Multigravida | 136 (56.7) | 104 (43.3) | 1.17 (0.74–1.85) | 0.500 | |||
| History of abortion | Yes | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | 1.13 (0.49–2.63) | 0.769 | ||
| No | 179 (55.2) | 145 (44.8) | 1 | ||||
| History of still birth | Yes | 12 (75) | 4 (25) | 2.50 (0.79–7.92) | 0.119 | 1.97 (0.57–6.84) | 0.287 |
| No | 181 (54.5) | 151 (45.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| PROM | Yes | 33 (76.7) | 10 (23.3) | 2.99 (1.42–6.28) | 0.004 | 2.95 (1.29–6.74) | 0.010* |
| No | 160 (52.5) | 145 (47.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Duration of labor (hour) | ≤12 | 102 (50.5) | 100 (49.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| >12 | 91 (62.3) | 55 (37.7) | 0.62 (0.40–0.95) | 0.029 | 1.41 (0.88–2.23) | 0.154 | |
| Fever during labor | Yes | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | 0.74 (0.39–1.40) | 0.352 | 1 | |
| No | 172 (56.4) | 133 (43.6) | 1 | ||||
| Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | Yes | 18 (78.3) | 5 (21.7) | 3.09 (1.12–8.51) | 0.029 | 1.91 (0.63–5.77) | 0.250 |
| No | 175 (53.9) | 150 (46.1) | 1 | 1 | |||
| History of hospitalization in the past 3 months | Yes | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | 1.08 (0.44–2.62) | 0.873 | ||
| No | 181 (55.4) | 146 (44.6) | 1 | ||||
| HIV status | Positive | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | 2.06 (0.63–6.71) | 0.229 | ||
| Negative | 183 (54.8) | 151 (45.2) | 1 | ||||
| Syphilis status | Reactive | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | 0.53 (0.15–1.90) | 0.326 | ||
| Non-reactive | 189 (55.9) | 149 (44.1) | 1 | ||||
| History of UTI at current pregnancy | Yes | 37 (77.1) | 11 (22.9) | 3.11 (1.53–6.32) | 0.002 | 2.66 (1.23–5.76) | 0.013* |
| No | 156 (52) | 144 (48) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Presence vaginal discharge | Yes | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.40 (0.04–4.44) | 0.454 | ||
| No | 192 (55.7) | 153 (44.3) | 1 | ||||
| History of STI | Yes | 5 (62.8) | 3 (37.5) | 1.35 (0.32–5.73) | 0.686 | ||
| No | 1,529 (44.7) | 188 (55.3) | 1 | ||||
ANC, Anti Natal Care; DCSH, Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; DHC, Dessie Health Center; DM, Diabetes Miletus; HIV, Human Immune Virus; PROM, Premature rapture of membrane; STI, Sexually Transmitted Disease; UTI, Urinary Tract infection, (*), significant at p-value < 0.05; 1, reference category; AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; COR, Crude Odds Ratio; CL, confidence interval.