Table 8.
Factors associated with vertical transmission of potential neonatal pathogens to the newborns in public health facilities in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 193).
| Factors | Vertical transmission | COR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||
| Age (Year) | ≤28 | 49 (48.5) | 52 (51.5) | 1 | |||
| >28 | 55 (59.8) | 37 (40.2) | 1.58 (0.89–2.79) | 0.118 | 1.03 (0.51–2.09) | 0.936 | |
| Residence | Urban | 75 (51.7) | 70 (48.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 29 (60.4) | 19 (39.6) | 1.43 (0.73–2.77) | 0.296 | |||
| Marital status | Single | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | 1 | |||
| Married | 99 (56.9) | 75 (43.1) | 2.20 (0.51–9.50) | 0.291 | |||
| Divorced | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 0.24 (0.02–3.01) | 0.268 | |||
| Widowed | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.83 (0.05–13.63) | 0.898 | |||
| Educational status | Unable to read and write | 13 (86.7) | 2 (13.3) | 5.04 (1.06–23.99) | 0.042 | 2.82 (0.47–16.83) | 0.256 |
| Elementary | 22 (47.8) | 24 (52.2) | 0.71 (0.34–1.50) | 0.368 | 0.84 (0.34–2.04) | 0.694 | |
| Secondary | 29 (47.5) | 32 (52.5) | 0.70 (0.35–1.40) | 0.314 | 0.79 (0.35–1.77) | 0.559 | |
| High grade | 40 (56.3) | 31 (43.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Occupation | Civil servant | 13 (69.1) | 9 (40.9) | 1 | |||
| Student | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 0.35 (0.05–2.31) | 0.273 | |||
| Farmer | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0.87 (0.18–4.14) | 0.856 | |||
| House wife | 65 (53.3) | 57 (46.7) | 0.79 (0.31–1.98) | 0.615 | |||
| Merchant | 15 (41.7) | 21 (58.3) | 1.04 (0.32–3.34) | 0.949 | |||
| Daily labor | 4 (26.7) | 11 (73.3) | 0.55 (0.12–2.65) | 0.459 | |||
| Source of drinking water | Public tap water | 92 (55.1) | 75 (44.9) | 2.76 (0.82–9.32) | 0.102 | 2.03 (0.53–7.83) | 0.302 |
| Spring tape water | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 3.60 (0.71–18.25) | 0.122 | 3.19 (0.49–20.95) | 0.228 | |
| Private | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 1 | ||||
| Domestic animal in the house | Yes | 32 (60.4) | 21 (39.6) | 1.44 (0.76–2.74) | 0.267 | ||
| No | 72 (51.4) | 68 (48.6) | 1 | ||||
| Gestational age (Week) | <37 | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | 3.14 (1.27–7.76) | 0.013 | 2.06 (0.72–5.89) | 0.176 |
| ≥37 | 82 (50) | 82 (50) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Number of ANC visit | <4 | 31 (50) | 31 (50) | 0.80 (0.43–1.46) | 0.457 | ||
| ≥4 | 73 (55.7) | 58 (44.3) | 1 | ||||
| History of antibiotic use | Yes | 5 (50) | 5 (50) | 1.18 (0.33–4.21) | 0.800 | ||
| No | 99 (54.1) | 84 (45.9) | 1 | ||||
| Type of gravidia | Premigravidia | 28 (49.1) | 29 (50.9) | 1 | |||
| Multigravidia | 76 (55.9) | 60 (44.1) | 1.31 (0.71–2.44) | 0.391 | |||
| History of abortion | Yes | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | 2.26 (0.68–7.48) | 0.181 | 1.40 (0.35–5.56) | 0.663 |
| No | 94 (52.5) | 85 (47.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| History of still birth | Yes | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 0.41 (0.12–1.39) | 0.152 | 0.36 (0.08–1.68) | 0.192 |
| No | 100 (55.2) | 81 (44.8) | 1 | 1 | |||
| PROM | Yes | 19 (57.6) | 14 (42.4) | 1.20 (0.56–2.55) | 0.641 | ||
| No | 85 (53.1) | 75 (46.9) | 1 | ||||
| Duration of labor (Hour) | ≤12 | 42 (41.2) | 60 (58.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| >12 | 62 (68.1) | 29 (31.9) | 3.05 (1.69–5.52) | 0.000 | 2.23 (1.11–4.47) | 0.024* | |
| Fever during labor | Yes | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 0.49 (0.19–1.24) | 0.130 | 0.33 (0.10–1.12) | 0.076 |
| No | 96 (55.8) | 76 (44.2) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Meconium stained amniotic fluid | Yes | 9 (50) | 9 (50) | 0.84 (0.32–2.22) | 0.729 | ||
| No | 95 (54.3) | 80 (45.7) | 1 | ||||
| History of hospitalization in the past 3 months | Yes | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 0.41 (0.12–1.39) | 0.152 | 0.60 (0.13–2.72) | 0.511 |
| No | 100 (55.2) | 81 (44.8) | 1 | 1 | |||
| HIV status | Positive | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | 0.55 (0.15–2.03) | 0.372 | ||
| Negative | 100 (54.6) | 83 (45.4) | 1 | ||||
| Syphilis status | Reactive | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 2.61 (0.27–25.58) | 0.409 | ||
| Non-reactive | 101 (53.4) | 88 (46.6) | 1 | ||||
| History of UTI at current pregnancy | Yes | 24 (64.9) | 13 (35.1) | 1.75 (0.83–3.69) | 0.139 | 1.38 (0.54–3.55) | 0.506 |
| No | 80 (51.3) | 76 (48.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| History of STI | Yes | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 1.29 (0.21–7.99) | 0.782 | ||
| No | 101 (53.7) | 87 (46.3) | 1 | ||||
| Sex of newborn | Male | 57 (58.8) | 40 (41.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 47 (49) | 49 (51) | 0.67 (0.38–1.19) | 0.173 | 1.53 (0.78–2.99) | 0.212 | |
| Weight of newborns (Gram) | <2,500 | 43 (82.7) | 9 (17.3) | 6.27 (2.84–13.83) | 0.000 | 5.38 (2.17–13.36) | <0.001* |
| ≥2,500 | 61 (43.3) | 80 (56.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5th minute APGAR score | <7 | 13 (54.2) | 11 (45.8) | 1.01 (0.43–2.39) | 0.976 | ||
| 7–10 | 91 (53.8) | 78 (46.2) | 1 | ||||
ANC, Anti Natal Care; DCSH, Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; DHC, Dessie Health Center; DM, Diabetes Miletus; HIV, Human Immune Virus; PROM, Premature rapture of membrane; STI, Sexually Transmitted Disease; UTI, Urinary Tract Infection; (*), significant at p-value < 0.05; 1, reference category; AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; COR, Crude Odds Ratio; CL, confidence interval.