Table 2.
Characteristics of the included participants (stratified by cognitive function).
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 2665 | Normal, N = 1511 | CFD, N = 1154 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.07 (68.69 ,69.45) | 67.76 (67.41 ,68.12) | 72.00 (71.21 ,72.78) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | 0.003 | |||
| Male,% | 45.79 (43.69 ,47.90) | 43.07 (40.01 ,46.18) | 51.89 (48.23 ,55.53) | |
| Female,% | 54.21 (52.10 ,56.31) | 56.93 (53.82 ,59.99) | 48.11 (44.47 ,51.77) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||
| Mexican American,% | 3.42 (2.19 ,5.30) | 2.46 (1.55 ,3.86) | 5.58 (3.51 ,8.75) | |
| Other Hispanic,% | 3.79 (2.59 ,5.52) | 2.13 (1.47 ,3.08) | 7.52 (4.89 ,11.39) | |
| Non-Hispanic White,% | 79.77 (75.77 ,83.26) | 85.36 (82.34 ,87.94) | 67.22 (59.42 ,74.16) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black,% | 7.95 (5.94 ,10.57) | 5.37 (3.89 ,7.37) | 13.75 (9.97 ,18.67) | |
| Other Race,% | 5.07 (3.85 ,6.64) | 4.68 (3.28 ,6.65) | 5.93 (4.41 ,7.93) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | |||
| < High school ,% | 5.50 (4.30 ,7.01) | 1.44 (0.76 ,2.68) | 14.63 (11.72 ,18.10) | |
| Completed High school,% | 10.14 (8.04 ,12.72) | 6.82 (5.25 ,8.81) | 17.61 (13.34 ,22.88) | |
| > High school ,% | 84.34 (81.03 ,87.16) | 91.74 (89.28 ,93.68) | 67.70 (61.93 ,72.98) | |
| Missing ,% | 0.02 (0.00 ,0.08) | 0.00 (0.00 ,0.00) | 0.06 (0.01 ,0.24) | |
| Martial_status | < 0.001 | |||
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated/Never married [n (%)] | 34.27 (32.34 ,36.26) | 31.11 (28.94 ,33.36) | 41.38 (36.81 ,46.11) | |
| Married/Living with partner,% | 65.70 (63.71 ,67.64) | 68.88 (66.62 ,71.05) | 58.57 (53.85 ,63.14) | |
| Missing ,% | 0.02 (0.01 ,0.11) | 0.02 (0.00 ,0.12) | 0.05 (0.01 ,0.36) | |
| PIR_group | < 0.001 | |||
| < 1.13,% | 11.01 (9.30 ,13.00) | 6.76 (5.43 ,8.38) | 20.57 (17.58 ,23.93) | |
| >=1.13,% | 82.71 (80.21 ,84.95) | 87.03 (84.19 ,89.41) | 73.01 (69.74 ,76.04) | |
| Missing ,% | 6.28 (4.76 ,8.24) | 6.22 (4.45 ,8.62) | 6.42 (4.77 ,8.59) | |
| BMI_group | 0.11 | |||
| Normal,% | 26.33 (23.73 ,29.10) | 25.36 (21.77 ,29.33) | 28.49 (25.56 ,31.62) | |
| Overweight ,% | 35.98 (33.60 ,38.43) | 35.88 (33.09 ,38.77) | 36.20 (31.71 ,40.93) | |
| Obesity ,% | 37.23 (34.57 ,39.98) | 38.52 (35.51 ,41.63) | 34.33 (29.39 ,39.64) | |
| Missing,% | 0.46 (0.24 ,0.88) | 0.23 (0.05 ,0.97) | 0.98 (0.50 ,1.92) | |
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | |||
| No,% | 33.10 (30.84 ,35.45) | 37.20 (34.08 ,40.43) | 23.90 (20.32 ,27.90) | |
| Yes,% | 66.90 (64.55 ,69.16) | 62.80 (59.57 ,65.92) | 76.10 (72.10 ,79.68) | |
| Diabetes | 0.009 | |||
| No,% | 71.04 (68.69 ,73.29) | 73.37 (70.16 ,76.36) | 65.82 (61.91 ,69.53) | |
| Yes,% | 26.92 (24.36 ,29.64) | 24.49 (21.12 ,28.20) | 32.37 (28.63 ,36.35) | |
| Missing,% | 2.04 (1.34 ,3.09) | 2.14 (1.31 ,3.48) | 1.80 (0.99 ,3.25) | |
| Smoking | 0.6 | |||
| No,% | 49.48 (46.47 ,52.49) | 49.96 (46.23 ,53.70) | 48.39 (44.87 ,51.93) | |
| Yes,% | 50.49 (47.47 ,53.51) | 50.01 (46.27 ,53.76) | 51.57 (48.03 ,55.11) | |
| Missing,% | 0.03 (0.01 ,0.11) | 0.02 (0.00 ,0.16) | 0.03 (0.00 ,0.27) | |
| Drinking | < 0.001 | |||
| Never,% | 12.43 (10.44 ,14.73) | 10.66 (8.69 ,13.01) | 16.40 (13.72 ,19.48) | |
| Moderate,% | 41.70 (38.20 ,45.29) | 45.56 (41.72 ,49.46) | 33.03 (27.94 ,38.56) | |
| Heavy,% | 27.97 (25.25 ,30.87) | 28.64 (25.31 ,32.22) | 26.47 (22.77 ,30.54) | |
| Missing,% | 17.90 (15.70 ,20.32) | 15.14 (12.85 ,17.75) | 24.09 (20.81 ,27.71) | |
| Physicial | 0.003 | |||
| Inacitve ,% | 64.36 (60.29 ,68.22) | 61.34 (56.25 ,66.19) | 71.12 (67.04 ,74.89) | |
| Less acitve,% | 10.70 (9.14 ,12.47) | 11.75 (10.04 ,13.70) | 8.34 (6.18 ,11.16) | |
| Active,% | 24.77 (21.33 ,28.56) | 26.84 (22.25 ,32.00) | 20.10 (16.39 ,24.42) | |
| Missing ,% | 0.18 (0.06 ,0.53) | 0.07 (0.02 ,0.29) | 0.43 (0.11 ,1.68) | |
| Stroke | 0.001 | |||
| No,% | 93.92 (92.99 ,94.74) | 95.52 (94.01 ,96.66) | 90.35 (87.67 ,92.49) | |
| Yes,% | 6.01 (5.20 ,6.95) | 4.45 (3.31 ,5.96) | 9.51 (7.38 ,12.18) | |
| Missing,% | 0.06 (0.04 ,0.10) | 0.03 (0.01 ,0.13) | 0.14 (0.12 ,0.16) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 102.45 (101.39 ,103.50) | 102.55 (101.34 ,103.77) | 102.22 (100.85 ,103.58) | 0.7 |
| Ghb,% | 5.94 (5.89 ,5.99) | 5.89 (5.82 ,5.97) | 6.05 (5.97 ,6.14) | 0.007 |
| eGDR, mg/kg/min | 6.38 (6.25 ,6.52) | 6.54 (6.36 ,6.72) | 6.03 (5.85 ,6.22) | 0.001 |
Continuous variables are presented as survey-weighted mean (95% CI), categorical variables are presented as survey-weighted percentage (95% CI).
Wilcoxon rank-sum test for complex survey samples; chi-squared test with Rao & Scott’s second-order correction.