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. 2025 Feb 18;15:5925. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90280-0

Table 2.

Centrality and causes of factors affecting synergistic development.

Variables Influence degree(ri) Affected degree(ci) Centre degree(Zi) Cause degree(Di) Type
Water resources Total water resources(a1) 3.054 1.587 4.641 1.468 Causal factor
Water resources per capita (a2) 2.352 2.163 4.515 0.189 Causal factor
Precipitation (a3) 3.128 1.392 4.52 1.736 Causal factor
Percentage of groundwater supply (a4) 2.016 2.139 4.155 -0.122 result factors
Water use per capita (a5) 2.143 1.906 4.049 0.237 Causal factor
Domestic water intensity (a6) 2.053 1.956 4.009 0.098 Causal factor
Total water supply (a7) 1.987 2.132 4.119 -0.146 result factors
Specific Yield (a8) 1.421 1.158 2.579 0.263 Causal factor
Coefficient of Storage (a9) 1.369 1.058 2.427 0.311 Causal factor
Average water consumption per mu for farmland irrigation (a10) 2.133 1.783 3.916 0.35 Causal factor
Water consumption per 10,000-yuan industrial added value (a11) 2.085 1.868 3.953 0.217 Causal factor
Citation to transit water (a12) 2.316 2.319 4.635 -0.003 result factors
Water resource utilization rate (a13) 2.481 2.303 4.784 0.178 Causal factor
Aridity index (a14) 1.472 1.434 2.905 0.038 Causal factor
Economy and society GDP per capita (b1) 2.379 2.802 5.181 -0.423 result factors
Total population (b2) 2.958 2.394 5.352 0.564 Causal factor
Urbanization rate (b3) 3.064 3.163 6.226 -0.099 result factors
Percentage of investment in water supply and drainage (b4) 2.676 2.953 5.629 -0.277 result factors
Total grain output (b5) 1.926 3.205 5.13 -1.279 result factors
Percentage of tertiary industry value added (b6) 2.255 2.549 4.804 -0.294 result factors
Number of students enrolled in general higher education per 10,000 population (b7) 1.889 2.155 4.043 -0.266 result factors
Urban resident disposable income (b8) 2.713 2.47 5.182 0.243 Causal factor
Urban road area per capita (b9) 2.053 2.161 4.213 -0.108 result factors
population density (b10) 2.771 2.789 5.56 -0.019 result factors
Health facility beds per 10,000 population (b11) 1.541 1.879 3.42 -0.338 result factors
Energy consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP (b12) 1.82 2.263 4.083 -0.442 result factors
Ecological environment Percentage of ecological water (c1) 1.902 2.623 4.524 -0.721 result factors
Wastewater discharge of industrial output value of 10,000 yuan (c2) 1.836 2.034 3.87 -0.198 result factors
Soil erosion treatment area (c3) 2.493 2.794 5.287 -0.3 result factors
Green coverage rate of built-up areas (c4) 2.494 2.617 5.112 -0.123 result factors
NDVI (c5) 2.318 2.239 4.558 0.079 Causal factor
Sewage treatment rate (c6) 2.109 2.623 4.732 -0.513 result factors
Harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage (c7) 2.037 2.194 4.231 -0.157 result factors
Mean concentration of respirable particulate matter (c8) 1.256 1.477 2.733 -0.22 result factors
Industrial SO2 removal rate (c9) 1.226 1.149 2.375 0.077 Causal factor