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. 2025 Feb 19;15:6022. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90135-8

Table 2.

Measure of disproportionality and signal generation criteria.

Methods Formula Signal standard
ROR

Inline graphic

Inline graphic

A ≥ 3

Inline graphic 95%CI > 1

MHRA

Inline graphic

Inline graphic

Inline graphic

A ≥ 3

PRR ≥ 2

Inline graphic≥4

BCPNN

Inline graphic

Inline graphic=Inline graphic

Inline graphic

Inline graphic

Inline graphic

IC-2SD = E(IC)-2 Inline graphic

A ≥ 3

IC-2SD > 0

Inline graphic,Inline graphic are the Dirichlet distribution parameters, Inline graphic, Inline graphic,Inline graphic, Inline graphic are Beta distribution parameters, IC-2SD is the lower limit of IC 95%CI, hypothesis Inline graphic, Inline graphic, E is the expected number of cases.

SD standard deviation.