Table 2.

Histological results related to inflammatory infiltration in UUT from clinical cases.

Study	Type	Total participant,n	Patient with UUT,n	Histology description
Chu et al., 2008 [23]	Original article	59	1	•The histological feature of the ureter was fibrosis, secondary to an intense transmural inflammatory response
Chang et al., 2012 [39]	Original article	20	2	•Pathological results showed chronic inflammation of the ureter, with reactive changes of the urothelium and formation of granulation tissue with inflammatory exudates
Raison et al., 2015 [43]	Case report	1	1	•The ureteric biopsy showed focal mucosal ulceration with a mononuclear cell infiltrating of the urothelium and tunica propria
Wu et al., 2016 [42]	Case report	1	1	•Left ureteral histologic revealed denudation of most of the overlying urothelium, with reactive regenerative changes in the residual urothelium that showed mildly hyperchromatic nuclei; immunohistochemistry staining showed that the regenerative epithelium was positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for p53; the stromal edema, diffuse chronic inflammatory infiltration, and active granulation tissue were observed in the subepithelial connective tissue; the granulation tissue also extended into the muscle layer; the inflammatory infiltrates were mainly composed of lymphocytes and only a few eosinophils; this morphology was compatible with ketamine ureteritis and negative for evidence of malignancy
Jhang et al., 2018 [26]	Original article	38	NA	•Ureter specimens from patients with severe ketamine-associated uropathy showed mucosal defects, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa, muscle, and subserosa

UUT, upper urinary tract; NA, not applicable.