Table 3.

Top 10 most prevalent combination of two and three chronic conditions among older adults in China

Variables*	All		Tumour-digestive disease cluster		Metabolic-circulatory disease cluster		Mental-psychological disease cluster		Elderly-degenerative disease cluster
	β	OR (95% CI)	β	OR (95%CI)	β	OR (95%CI)	β	OR (95%CI)	β	OR (95%CI)
Age	0.02	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)†	0.09	1.10 (0.92, 1.30)	0.02	1.02 (1.00, 1.05)	−0.03	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)‡	−0.02	0.99 (0.95, 1.02)
Gender (ref. female)	−0.52	0.59 (0.51, 0.70)†	−0.81	0.45 (0.03, 6.61)	−0.15	0.87 (0.59, 1.27)	−0.84	0.43 (0.31, 0.61)†	−0.75	0.47 (0.25, 0.91)§
BMI	0.01	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	−0.24	0.78 (0.57, 1.08)	0.05	1.05 (1.02, 1.08)†	0.01	1.01 (1.00, 1.03)	−0.07	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)
WHR	−0.71	0.49 (0.23, 1.06)	−3.44	0.03 (9.283E¶-7, 1100.29)	−1.04	0.36 (0.06, 2.23)	−0.84	0.43 (0.31, 0.61)†	−2.87	0.06 (0.01, 1.48)
Cognitive impairment (ref. no)	1.24	3.46 (2.26, 5.30)†	−15.46	1.927E-7ǁ	−0.90	0.41 (0.07, 2.46)	1.73	5.66 (3.03, 10.57)†	−0.37	0.69 (0.11, 4.50)
Smoking status (ref. no)	0.36	1.44 (1.22, 1.69)†	−1.70	0.18 (0.01, 3.65)	0.05	1.05 (0.71, 1.55)	−0.01	0.99 (0.69, 1.42)	−0.35	0.70 (0.34, 1.45)
Drinking status (ref. no)	−0.01	1.00 (0.86, 1.16)	0.82	2.26 (0.27, 18.88)	0.09	1.10 (0.76, 1.58)	0.39	1.48 (1.08, 2.02)	0.05	1.05 (0.58, 1.92)
Physical exercise (ref. no)	−0.34	0.71 (0.58, 0.87)†	5.02	151.56 (2.467E-13, 9.310E+16)	−0.48	0.62 (0.38, 1.00)	−0.67	0.51 (0.36, 0.74)†	−0.25	0.78 (0.35, 1.72)
Plant-based food score	−0.05	0.95 (0.94, 0.97)†	0.21	1.23 (0.90, 1.68)	0.11	1.11 (1.07, 1.15)†	−0.09	0.92 (0.89, 0.94)†	0.03	1.03 (0.97, 1.09)
Animal-based food score	−0.03	0.97 (0.96, 0.99)†	0.32	1.37 (0.92, 2.05)	−0.08	0.92 (0.87, 0.98)‡	−0.03	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.13	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)†
Highly processed foods score	0.01	1.01 (0.99, 1.04)	0.08	1.08 (0.83, 1.40)	−0.11	0.89 (0.85, 0.93)†	0.08	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)‡	0.02	1.22 (1.10, 1.36)†
No. medications	4.50	90.42 (75.37, 108.47)†	6.98	1071.27 (112.38, 10 211.83)†	7.82	2497.95 (1825.45, 3418.21)†	0.76	2.14 (1.42, 3.22)†	3.75	42.44 (28.98, 62.16)†
Nutritional supplement usage (ref. no)	0.17	1.19 (0.97, 1.45)	−18.72	7.440E-9	0.36	1.43 (0.91, 2.25)	−0.53	0.59 (0.35, 1.00)	0.59	1.81 (0.97, 3.36)
Residential status (ref. alone)	−0.08	0.92 (0.76, 1.12)	1.17	3.24 (0.08, 129.48)	−0.04	0.96 (0.60, 1.53)	−0.43	0.65 (0.46, 0.93)§	0.25	1.28 (0.59, 2.81)
Marital status (ref. never married)
Currently married	−1.35	0.26 (0.15, 0.45)†	12.02	166 440.00 (14 963.69, 1851 299.97)†	0.50	1.65 (0.23, 11.94)†	−0.14	0.87 (0.31, 2.43)	−1.95	0.14 (0.02, 1.11)
Divorced	−1.23	0.29 (0.17, 0.50)†	12.29	216 345.97	0.34	1.40 (0.19, 10.17)†	0.01	1.01 (0.36, 2.82)	−1.31	0.27 (0.04, 2.08)
Public old age insurance (ref. no)	−0.09	0.92 (0.81, 1.04)	0.82	2.27 (0.26, 19.61)	−0.25	0.78 (0.58, 1.06)	−0.09	0.91 (0.71, 1.18)	−0.36	0.70 (0.42, 1.17)
Education (ref. illiterate)
Secondary education and above	−0.12	0.89 (0.73, 1.08)	−0.25	0.78 (0.01, 46.53)	0.46	1.59 (0.99, 2.56)	−0.32	0.73 (0.48, 1.11)	0.60	1.83 (0.84, 3.98)
Primary education	−0.21	0.81 (0.70, 0.94)†	−0.76	0.47 (0.04, 6.19)	0.35	1.42 (0.98, 2.06)	−0.28	0.75 (0.57, 0.99)§	0.44	1.55 (0.87, 2.78)
Residential area (ref. rural)
City	0.11	1.12 (0.92, 1.36)	−1.42	0.24 (0.01, 6.48)	−0.26	0.77 (0.51, 1.17)	−0.25	0.78 (0.48, 1.27)	−0.53	0.59 (0.28, 1.23)
Town	0.16	1.17 (1.03, 1.33)†	−0.80	0.45 (0.05, 4.34)	−0.10	0.90 (0.65, 1.25)	0.03	1.03 (0.80, 1.34)	−0.52	0.60 (0.34, 1.04)

BMI – body mass index, CI – confidence interval, OR – odds ratio, WHR – waist-to-hip ratio

*The healthy group is the reference group.

†P < 0.001

‡P < 0.01

§P < 0.05;

¶‘E’ stands for ‘exponent’ or ‘times 10 to the power of’.

ǁWhen a value is extremely small or large, SPSS defaults to using scientific notation and does not provide a confidence interval.