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. 2025 Feb 21;24:64. doi: 10.1186/s12944-025-02492-y

Table 2.

Weighted association of METS-IR with hypertension in different models among all participants

Exposure Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI), P-value OR (95% CI), P-value OR (95% CI), P-value
Continuous 1.50 (1.40–1.60), < 0.001 1.52 (1.41–1.63), < 0.001 1.46 (1.36–1.58), < 0.001
METS-IR quartile
Q1 Reference Reference Reference
Q2 1.86 (1.49–2.34), < 0.001 1.64 (1.28–2.11), < 0.001 1.61 (1.27–2.06), < 0.001
Q3 2.30 (1.84–2.87), < 0.001 2.07 (1.63–2.64), < 0.001 2.01 (1.57–258), < 0.001
Q4 3.67 (2.95–4.55), < 0.001 3.66 (2.91–4.60), < 0.001 3.31 (2.64–4.14), < 0.001
P for trend 1.03 (1.03–1.04), < 0.001 1.04 (1.03–1.04), < 0.001 1.03 (1.03–1.04), < 0.001

CI, confidence interval; METS-IR, Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance; OR, odds ratio

Note: In the multivariate analysis, the visceral adiposity index was converted from a continuous for categorical variables (tertiles)

Model 1: no covariates adjusted

Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and race

Model 3: adjusted for the covariates in Model 2 as well as education level, marital status, poverty-to-income ratio, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, stroke, coronary heart disease, and diabetes