Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with and without MASLD
| Variables | Total (n = 24,342) | Non-MASLD (n = 12,499) | MASLD (n = 11,843) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 12,237 (50.27) | 5,741 (45.93) | 6,496 (54.85) | |
| Female | 12,105 (49.73) | 6,758 (54.07) | 5,347 (45.15) | |
| Age, years | 49.00 (35.00, 63.00) | 46.00 (31.00, 63.00) | 52.00 (39.00, 64.00) | <0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 3,596 (14.77) | 1,470 (11.76) | 2,126 (17.95) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 10,727 (44.07) | 5,545 (44.36) | 5,182 (43.76) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4,910 (20.17) | 2,470 (19.76) | 2,440 (20.60) | |
| Other race | 5,109 (20.99) | 3,014 (24.11) | 2,095 (17.69) | |
| Education level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Less than 9th grade | 2,208 (9.07) | 967 (7.74) | 1,241 (10.48) | |
| 9–12th grade | 8,912 (36.61) | 4,278 (34.23) | 4,634 (39.13) | |
| More than 12th grade | 13,222 (54.32) | 7,254 (58.04) | 5,968 (50.39) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Cohabitation | 14,561 (59.82) | 7,227 (57.82) | 7,334 (61.93) | |
| Solitude | 9,781 (40.18) | 5,272 (42.18) | 4,509 (38.07) | |
| Family PIR, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low (≤1.3) | 7,640 (31.39) | 3,761 (30.09) | 3,879 (32.75) | |
| Medium (1.3–3.5) | 9,197 (37.78) | 4,605 (36.84) | 4,592 (38.77) | |
| High (>3.5) | 7,505 (30.83) | 4,133 (33.07) | 3,372 (28.47) | |
| Smoke, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 11,101 (45.60) | 5,289 (42.32) | 5,812 (49.08) | |
| No | 13,241 (54.40) | 7,210 (57.68) | 6,031 (50.92) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 0.022 | |||
| Yes | 16,884 (69.36) | 8,752 (70.02) | 8,132 (68.67) | |
| No | 7,458 (30.64) | 3,747 (29.98) | 3,711 (31.33) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Inactive | 6,111 (25.10) | 2,694 (21.55) | 3,417 (28.85) | |
| Moderate | 9,140 (37.55) | 4,655 (37.24) | 4,485 (37.87) | |
| Vigorous | 9,091 (37.35) | 5,150 (41.20) | 3,941 (33.28) | |
| DM, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 4,655 (19.12) | 1,265 (10.12) | 3,390 (28.62) | |
| No | 19,687 (80.88) | 11,234 (89.88) | 8,453 (71.38) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 8,823 (36.25) | 3,159 (25.27) | 5,664 (47.83) | |
| No | 15,519 (63.75) | 9,340 (74.73) | 6,179 (52.17) | |
| CHD, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1,005 (4.13) | 379 (3.03) | 626 (5.29) | |
| No | 23,337 (95.87) | 12,120 (96.97) | 11,217 (94.71) | |
| Stroke, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 889 (3.65) | 381 (3.05) | 508 (4.29) | |
| No | 23,453 (96.35) | 12,118 (96.95) | 11,335 (95.71) | |
| Cancer, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 2,345 (9.63) | 1,106 (8.85) | 1,239 (10.46) | |
| No | 21,997 (90.37) | 11,393 (91.15) | 10,604 (89.54) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.14 (24.41, 32.71) | 24.67 (22.30, 27.00) | 32.79 (29.70, 37.00) | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 98.40 (88.00, 109.50) | 88.50 (81.50, 95.00) | 109.80 (102.80, 119.00) | <0.001 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 93.00 (86.00, 105.00) | 90.00 (83.00, 98.00) | 98.00 (89.00, 113.00) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.50 (5.20, 5.90) | 5.40 (5.20, 5.70) | 5.70 (5.40, 6.20) | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 189.50 (164.00, 218.00) | 185.00 (160.00, 213.00) | 194.00 (168.00, 223.00) | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 121.00 (81.00, 187.00) | 92.00 (66.00, 131.00) | 166.00 (114.00, 246.00) | <0.001 |
| HDL-c, mg/dL | 50.00 (41.00, 61.00) | 56.00 (47.00, 68.00) | 45.00 (38.00, 53.00) | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 23.00 (19.00, 27.00) | 22.00 (19.00, 26.00) | 24.00 (20.00, 29.00) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 21.00 (16.00, 28.00) | 18.00 (15.00, 24.00) | 24.00 (18.00, 34.00) | <0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 20.00 (14.00, 31.00) | 16.00 (12.00, 22.00) | 26.00 (19.00, 41.00) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.60 (0.50, 0.80) | 0.60 (0.50, 0.80) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.80) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.85 (0.72, 1.01) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.40 (4.50, 6.40) | 4.90 (4.10, 5.80) | 5.90 (5.00, 6.80) | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 13.00 (10.00, 16.00) | 13.00 (10.00, 16.00) | 13.00 (10.00, 16.00) | <0.001 |
| FLI | 58.18 (24.11, 86.13) | 25.06 (11.20, 42.28) | 86.75 (74.84, 95.35) | <0.001 |
| Kidney stones, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 2,377 (9.77) | 947 (7.58) | 1,430 (12.07) | |
| No | 21,965 (90.23) | 11,552 (92.42) | 10,413 (87.93) |
Data are shown as median (25th, 75th percentiles) or number (percentages), and p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; PIR, poverty-to-income ratio; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; FLI, fatty liver index.