Table 3.
Cox Regression Analysis for Progression-Free Survival for All Patients
| Characteristics | Univariate Analysis |
Multivariate Analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
| Age (ref: <75 y) | ≥75 y | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.71 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.21 |
| Sex (ref: male) | Female | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.04 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.99 |
| WHO-PS (ref: 0–1) | 2–3 | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.51 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.36 |
| Smoking (ref: never) | Former | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.84 | ||
| Current | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 0.16 | |||
| PD-L1 status (ref: >50% expression) | 1%–49% expression | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.04 | 1.1 (0.7–1.4) | 0.56 |
| <1% expression | 2.1 (1.5–2.9) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) | 0.01 | |
| Unknown | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.98 | |
| Histology (ref: nonsquamous) | Squamous | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.58 | ||
| Brain imaging (ref: MRI) | Diagnostic CT-scan | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.71 | ||
| T stage (ref: 1–2) | 3–4 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.05 | ||
| N stage (ref: 0–1) | 2–3 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.42 | ||
| Total metastases (ref: 1) | >1 | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.26 | ||
| Metastatic sites | |||||
| (ref: no adrenal gland) | Adrenal gland | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 0.01 | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.03 |
| (ref: no bone) | Bone | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.01 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.003 |
| (ref: no brain) | Brain | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.45 | ||
| (ref: no extrathoracic nodal) | Extrathoracic nodal | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.47 | ||
| (ref: no lung) | Lung | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.05 | ||
| (ref: no othera) | Other site | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 0.02 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.03 |
| Serum albumin (ref: <40 g/L) | ≥40 g/L | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.10 | ||
| Serum CRP (ref: ≤5mg/L) | >5 mg/L | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | <0.001 | 2.0 (1.5–2.8) | <0.001 |
| Serum LDH (ref: <248) | ≥248 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.18 | ||
| Best response to induction systemic therapy (ref: CR and PR) | SD and PD | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) | <0.001 |
| Immunotherapy (ref: No) | Yes | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 |
| TRAE (ref: toxicity ≤2) | Toxicity grade ≥3 | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.42 | ||
Note:p values in bold are statistically significant.
CI, confidence interval; CR, complete response; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; Ref, reference; SD, stable disease; TRAE, treatment related adverse event; WHO-PS, WHO Performance Score.
a
Bowel, breast, liver, pancreatic gland, peritoneal, pleural, soft tissue, spleen, subcutis, thyroid gland and renal.