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. 2025 Feb 10;6:1495025. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1495025

Table 2.

Different combinations of radiographs used for the localization of impacted teeth.

Authors Year Methods Radiographs
Mackenzie Davidson (18) 1898  Stereoscopy 2 PA or 2 AO
Bosworth (19) 1934 Multiple exposures 1PA
Donovan (20) 1952 Occlusal radiography AO
Richards (21) 1952 Buccal object rule 2PA
Broadway and Gould (22) 1960 Ballard suggestion for localization LC and PAC
Seward (23) 1963 Radiology in general practice Apex PA, VO, PA skull, ROL of jaws, and lateral exposure of sinus
Rayne (9) 1969 Localization of canine PA and AO
Wraith (24) 1969 Radiographic assessment canines PA skull, LC and 2 PA
Turk and Katzenell (25) 1970 Panorex PAN
Hounsfield (26) 1973 Computerized tomography
Ostrofsky (27) 1976 Magnification technique PAN
Beeching (28) 1981 Parallax with Panorex PAN, VO of upper jaw or AO of the lower jaw
Coupland (29) 1984 LC skull and PAN LC and PAN
Keur (16) 1986 Keur technique 2AO
Ericson and Kuroll (30) 1986 Polytomography
Southall and Gravely (31) 1989 Vertical parallax radiology OO and PAN
Miller et al. (32) 1990 Cross-sectional tomography
Jensen (33) 1990 Free-focus radiography PAN
Tammisalo et al. (34) 1992 Scanora
Ong (35) 1994 Alternative to VO AO
Felice and Lombardi (36) 1995 Water's view Water's view and PAN
Gray et al. (37) 1996 MRI
Preda et al. (38) 1997 Spiral CT
Jacobs (11) 1999 Right angle technique PAN and AO
Jacobs (39) 2000 Cross- sectional occlusal radiography AO and PAN
Kim et al. (40) 2003 SLUOBD method PAN and PA
Tony and Alfred (41) 2010 Tangential radiography PAN and AO
Tymofiyeva et al. (42) 2010 dMRI

PA, periapical radiograph; AO, anterior occlusal; VO, vertex occlusal; OO, oblique occlusal; LC, lateral cephelogram; PA skull, posteroanterior view of skull; PAN, panoramic radiograph.