Table 1. The specific characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Country | Language | Study design | Sample size | Gender (M/F) |
Age (years) | Diagnostic criteria for AKI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | NS | S | NS | ||||||
| Atchade et al. (2020) | France | English | Cohort study | 46 | 48 | 60/34 | 50–59 | 47–67 | KDIGO |
| Balci et al. (2017) | Turkey | English | Case-control study | 16 | 14 | 19/11 | 46.1 | 39.2 | AKIN |
| Chan et al. (2023) | America | English | Case-control study | 369 | 385 | 441/313 | 51–67 | KDIGO | |
| Du et al. (2021) | China | English | Case-control study | 110 | 26 | 117/19 | 54–64 | 54–66 | KDIGO |
| Fidalgo et al. (2014) | Canada | English | Case-control study | 306 | 139 | 276/169 | 39–60 | 42–60 | KDIGO |
| Greite et al. (2022) | Germany | English | Cohort study | 10 | 10 | 10/10 | 49.9 | 48.7 | KDIGO |
| Ishikawa, Griesdale & Lohser (2014) | Japan | English | Case-control study | 27 | 23 | 31/19 | 49 | 56 | RIFLE |
| Jacques et al. (2012) | Canada | English | Case-control study | 67 | 107 | 83/91 | 46 | 46 | RIFLE |
| Jing et al. (2021) | China | English | Case-control study | 137 | 54 | 159/32 | 54–62 | 49–62 | KDIGO |
| Kim et al. (2021) | Korea | English | Case-control study | 59 | 89 | 89/59 | 55.24 | 53.13 | KDIGO |
| Liu et al. (2021) | China | English | Case-control study | 19 | 6 | 21/4 | 55.6 | 61.8 | KDIGO |
| Lu et al. (2023) | China | English | Case-control study | 21 | 10 | 27/4 | 58.4 | 59.9 | KDIGO |
| Rocha et al. (2005) | America | English | Case-control study | 166 | 130 | 153/143 | 44 | 51 | RIFLE |
| Sikma et al. (2017) | Netherlands | English | Case-control study | 85 | 87 | 83/89 | 45 | 47 | KDIGO |
| Sang et al. (2021) | China | English | Case-control study | 67 | 81 | 125/23 | 57.1 | 54.5 | KDIGO |
| Scaravilli et al. (2022) | Italy | English | Case-control study | 50 | 31 | 40/41 | 22–38 | 24–37 | KDIGO |
| Toyoda et al. (2023) | America | English | Case-control study | 110 | 96 | 114/92 | 56.6 | 58.4 | KDIGO |
| Xue et al. (2014) | China | Chinese | Case-control study | 47 | 41 | 67/21 | 53.45 | 51.88 | AKIN |
| Zhang Shuai & Jingqing (2020) | China | English | Case-control study | 43 | 27 | 61/9 | 55–64 | 58–67 | KDIGO |
Notes.
NS: Lung transplantation without acute kidney injury; S: Lung transplantation with acute kidney injury; KDIGO: the Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Criteria, people who meet one of the following conditions are diagnosed with AKI: ① Scr increases by over 26.5 μmol/L (0.3 mg/dl) within 48 hours; ② Scr rises more than 1.5 times baseline within seven days; ③ Urine volume < 0.5 ml/(kg h), which last for over 6 hours; AKIN: the Acute Kidney Injury Net classification, an abrupt (within 48 hours) reduction in kidney function currently defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl (>26.4 μmol/l), a percentage increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 50% (1.5-fold from baseline), or a reduction in urine output (documented oliguria of less than 0.5 ml/kg per hour for more than six hours); RIFLE: The risk, injury, failure, loss, endstage renal disease criteria, Scr rises more than 1.5 times baseline, or GFR reduces by over 25%, or urine volume < 0.5 ml/(kg h) for over 6 hours.