Skip to main content
. 2025 Feb 10;27:e56203. doi: 10.2196/56203

Table 5.

Direct and bootstrapped indirect effects in the mediational models.

Main outcomea and mediatorsb (R2)c, and direct effects Indirect effects

Pathd Coefficiente P valuef Path Coefficientg 95% CIh
Composite (0.57)

Positive affect (0.16) a × b –0.15 –0.28 to –0.03


ai 0.76 .001




bj –0.19 .03




c′k –0.57 .001




cl –0.42 .01


Composite (0.55)

Negative affect (0.15) a × b –0.14 –0.28 to –0.02


a –0.60 .007




b 0.22 .007




c′ –0.56 .001




c –0.42 .009


Composite (0.58)

Openness to the future (0.12) a × b –0.06 –0.18 to 0.01


a –0.15 .07




b 0.37 .10




c′ –0.54 .001




c –0.48 .003


aThe dependent variable (main outcome) is the composite score at 3-month follow-up.

bThe potential mediators, highlighted in italics (positive affect, negative affect, and openness to the future), were based on pre-post change scores.

cR2: variance explained by regression models.

dPath coefficients are (standardized) ordinary least squares–based regression coefficients.

eCoefficient: (standardized) slope.

fP value related to t test.

gThe product of “ab” is the bootstrapped indirect effect using 10,000 samples.

hIt is the 95% CI of the bootstrapped indirect effect using 10,000 samples.

ia: the direct path between the independent variable and the mediator.

jb: the direct path between the mediator and the outcome.

kc′: total effects.

lc: direct effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable after adjustment for mediating effects.