Psychological Need Satisfaction
Perceived autonomy	I feel like I can make a lot of input in deciding how I use the AI applications or products in learning. I feel a sense of freedom when using the AI applications or products. I have many opportunities with the AI applications or products to decide for myself how to learn. I have a say regarding what input I want to learn with AI applications or products.
Perceived competence	5.I think I am pretty good at learning with the AI applications or products. 6.I have been able to learn interesting new knowledge with the AI applications or products. 7.I feel a sense of accomplishment from learning with the AI applications or products. 8.When I am using AI applications or products I often do not feel very capable R
Perceived relatedness	9.When I learn with the AI applications or products, I feel supported. 10.When I learn with the AI applications or products, I feel comfortable. 11.When I learn with the AI applications or products, I feel important. 12.When I learn with the AI applications or products, I feel valued.
Self-regulated learning strategies
Cognitive engagement	13.When I learn about AI technology, I use the existing knowledge that I have. 14.I write my own notes or outline important concepts while using AI applications or products. 15.I ask myself whether the materials provided by the AI application or product are useful for my task. 16.When AI applications or products give materials, I develop my own ideas.
Metacognitive knowledge	17.When I use AI applications or products to solve a problem, I analyse it first before starting it (e.g., read the questions properly, know the expected outcomes and objectives). 18.I set some standards (what I need to achieve) for my AI technology. 19.When doing tasks using AI applications or products, I question myself to help understand the task better. 20.If I get confused in learning AI technology, I use other methods to learn the technology.
Resource management	21.I collaborate with a group of friends to discuss AI technology. 22.If I have trouble learning AI technology, I try to figure it out on my own without asking for help. 23.I email or talk to my lecturer to clarify what I don’t understand about AI technology. 24.When I can’t understand AI technology, I get feedback from other students or social media to help me. 25.I work hard to learn AI technology even though I don’t like it.
Motivational beliefs	26.I am confident I can use AI technology well. 27.I am interested to learn from any AI applications or products because I believe it is important. 28.I believe I will use my AI knowledge in other subjects. 29.I work hard to master new things, for example, learning a new software. 30.If I can, I want to do better than most of my classmates in my AI technology.
Artificial Intelligence Literacy
Awareness	31.I can distinguish between smart devices and non-smart devices. 32.I do not know how AI technology can help me. R 33.I can identify the AI technology employed in the applications and products I use.
Usage	34.I can skilfully use AI applications or products to help me with my daily work. 35.It is usually easy for me to learn to use a new AI application or product. 36.I can use AI applications or products to improve my work efficiency.
Evaluation	37.I can evaluate the capabilities and limitations of an AI application or product after using it for a while. 38.I can choose a proper solution from various solutions provided by a smart agent. 39.I can choose the most appropriate AI application or product from a variety for a particular task.
Ethics	40.I always comply with ethical principles when using AI applications or products. 41.I am alert to privacy and information security issues when using AI applications or products. 42.I am always alert to the abuse of AI technology.