| AMR | Antimicrobial drug resistance |
| ARIMA | Autoregressive integrated moving average |
| AST | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing |
| CAP | Community-acquired pneumonia |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| EUCAST | European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
| IPD | Invasive pneumococcal disease |
| MDR | Multi-drug resistance |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| PCV | Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
| WHO | World Health Organization |