| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| ADME | absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| HbA1c | hemoglobin A1c |
| HD | Huntington’s disease |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| PDC | pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
| PPAR-γ | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| IFD | induced fit docking |
| OMM | outer mitochondrial membrane |
| IMS | inner mitochondrial space |
| IMM | inner mitochondrial matrix |
| α-KG | α-ketoglutarate |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| OAA | oxaloacetate |
| ETC | electron transport chain |
| GGAA | glucogenic amino acid |
| KGAA | ketogenic amino acid |
| MCT | monocarboxylate transporter |
| MPC | mitochondrial pyruvate carrier |
| mTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| NAFLD | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASH | non-alcoholic steatohepatitis |
| QSAR | quantitative structure–activity relationship |
| SAR | structure–activity relationship |
| TZD | thiazolidinedione |
| VDAC | voltage-dependent anion channel |