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. 2025 Feb 15;15(2):203. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15020203
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
AI Artificial Intelligence
AI-CLT Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Theory
ML Machine Learning
GAI Generative Artificial Intelligence
ITS Intelligent Tutoring System
PGRL Physics-Guided Reinforcement Learning
SVM Support Vector Machine
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
RNN Recurrent Neural Network
Cognitive and Educational Theories
CLT Cognitive Load Theory
ICL Intrinsic Cognitive Load
ECL Extraneous Cognitive Load
GCL Germane Cognitive Load
LE Learning Efficacy
PL Personalized Learning
AL Adaptive Learning
PBL Problem-Based Learning
SRL Self-Regulated Learning
EdNeuro Educational Neuroscience
ZPD Zone of Proximal Development
SLD Specific Learning Disabilities
STEAM Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Neuroscience and Brain Monitoring
EEG Electroencephalography
fNIRS Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
PFC Prefrontal Cortex
tRNS Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
P300 Event-Related Potential Component in EEG Research
GSR Galvanic Skin Response
HRV Heart Rate Variability
ECG Electrocardiogram
Educational Technology and Online Learning
LMS Learning Management System
ICBT Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
K-12 Kindergarten through 12th Grade Education
ICT Information and Communication Technology
COGWEB Cognitive Web-Based Training System
CALL Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Research Methodologies and Statistical Analysis
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
RoB 2 Risk of Bias 2 Tool
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
AIC Akaike Information Criterion
BIC Bayesian Information Criterion
CI Confidence Interval
RMSE Root Mean Square Error
RMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
SRMR Standardized Root Mean Square Residual
ICC Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
OSF Open Science Framework
Psychological and Medical Terms
ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
TBI Traumatic Brain Injury
Additional Abbreviations Found in the Manuscript
BCI Brain–Computer Interface
PASAT Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task
VSOP Vision-Based Speed of Processing Training
TOI Theory of Intelligence
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
HR Heart Rate
AUC Area Under the Curve
NPV Negative Predictive Value
PPV Positive Predictive Value
SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
TB Tuberculosis
TEI Trait Emotional Intelligence
TFL TensorFlow
VUCA Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity