. 2025 Jan 28;10(2):e00894-24. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00894-24

TABLE 3.

Effects of inoculant and days on fermentation characteristics of triticale silage^a

Items	Days	Treatments				SEM	P-value
Items	Days	CON	ST	LP	LS	SEM	D	T	D × T
pH	3	4.12^Aa	4.05^Ab	4.03^Ab	3.98^Ac	0.013	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.033
	7	3.93^B	3.89^B	3.91^B	3.90^B
	15	3.92^Ba	3.85^Cb	3.83^Cb	3.78^Cc
	30	3.80^Ca	3.74^Db	3.73^Db	3.71^Db
LA, g/kg of DM	3	53.6^Cb	62.2^Ca	54.0^Db	60.9^Da	3.619	0.001	< 0.001	0.027
	7	69.3^Bb	77.9^Ba	69.6^Cb	76.6^Ca
	15	78.0^Bb	83.8^Bb	89.6^Bab	96.7^Ba
	30	97.6^Ab	99.1^Ab	105^Aab	112^Aa
AA, g/kg of DM	3	3.55^Cbc	6.06^Da	2.76^Dc	5.40^Dab	0.653	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.005
	7	9.07^Bab	11.3^Ca	8.18^Cc	10.7^Ca
	15	11.3^B	13.3^B	12.8^B	13.3^B
	30	19.9^Ac	22.7^Ab	24.1^Aab	25.1^Aa
PA, g/kg of DM	3	1.58^B	1.06^D	2.17^B	1.32^D	0.345	0.206	< 0.001	0.605
	7	3.26^B	2.41^C	3.62^B	2.44^C
	15	3.52^B	3.51^B	3.64^B	4.40^B
	30	7.04^A	6.45^A	6.86^A	7.50^A
BA, g/kg of DM	3	ND	ND	ND	ND	-	-	-	-
	7	ND	ND	ND	ND
	15	ND	ND	ND	ND
	30	ND	ND	ND	ND
AN, g/kg of DM	3	0.214^Dc	0.253^Dab	0.228^Dbc	0.271^Da	0.026	0.091	< 0.001	0.726
	7	0.524^Cbc	0.567^Cab	0.557^Cb	0.607^Ca
	15	0.917^B	0.888^B	0.877^B	0.921^B
	30	1.27^A	1.26^A	1.31^A	1.31^A
LA/AA	3	17.3^Aab	10.4^Ab	20.0^Aa	11.5^Ab	1.138	< 0.001	0.003	0.004
	7	7.72^Bab	6.90^Bb	8.53^Ba	7.19^Bb
	15	7.12^B	6.29^B	7.03^BC	7.30^B
	30	4.92^B	4.37^C	4.34^C	4.47^C

^{^a}

FM, fresh matter; DM, dry matter; AN, ammonia nitrogen; LA/AA, lactic acid to acetic acid ratio; CON, control (treated with distilled water); ST, inoculated with S. bovis; LP, inoculated with L. plantarum; LS, inoculated with S. bovis and L. plantarum; A−D, values with different capital letters within the same column indicate significant differences between ensiling days in the same treatment (P < 0.05); a−c, values with different lowercase letters with the same row indicate significant differences among treatments on the same ensiling day (P < 0.05); SEM, standard error of means; T, the effect of treatment; D, the effect of fermentation days; T × D, the interaction between treatment and fermentation day.