WHO	World Health Organization
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
CVDs	Cardiovascular disease
GI	Gastrointestinal
NSAID	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
TCM	Traditional Chinese Medicine
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
GHR	Ghrelin
GLP-1	Glucagon like peptide-1
STZ	Streptozotocin
DPP-IV	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
AP-1	Activator protein-1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
PKC	Protein kinase C
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
ACE	Acetylcholinesterase
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cell
NO	Nitric oxide
Akt/FoxO3a	Akt, protein kinase B; FoxO3a, forkhead box O
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2
HO-1	Hemeoxygenase-1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
GSH-Px	Glutathione peroxidase
CAT	Catalase
GR	Glutathione reductase
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
Γ-GCS	γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase
NQO1	NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1
HSP70	Heat shock proteins 70
iNOS	Inducible NOS
MPO	Myeloperoxidase
TC	Total cholesterol
LDL	Low density lipoprotein
TG	Triglyceride
MDA	Malondialdehyde
HDL	High density lipoprotein
VLDL	Very low density lipoprotein
SD rats	Sprague–Dawley rats
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
DCMM	Dichloromethane: methanol extract
TNBS	Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
ISO	Isoproterenol
CMC	Carboxy methyl cellulose
HDL-C	HDL-cholesterol
LDL-C	LDL-cholesterol
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-6	Interleukin-6
NO	Nitric oxide
AST	Aspartate transferase
ALT	Alanine amino transferase
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
GGT	Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
FI	Food intake
FER	Food efficiency ratio
FBG	Fasting blood glucose
GLUT4	Glucose transporter 4
DGAT-1	Diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1
ApoB100	Apolipoprotein
ApoA-1	Apolipoprotein A-1
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1c
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
iNOS	Inducible NO synthase
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CAT	Catalase
GSH	Glutathione
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
SGOT	Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT	Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
SALP	Serum alkaline phosphatase
LPO	Lipid peroxidation
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
HOMA-IS	Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acids
TBARS	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TAA	Total ascorbic acid
HMG-CoA	Hydroxy methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
ApoB	Apolipoprotein B
HMGR	HMG-CoA reductase
GSH	Glutathione
LCAT	Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
LPL	Lipoprotein lipase
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
NK cells	Natural killer cells
GLUT4	Glucose transporter 4
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
IL-1β	Interleukin 1β
ROS	Reactive oxygen species 1