T1DM	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
hPSC	human pluripotent stem cells
IDF	International Diabetes Federation
ADA	American Diabetes Association
GDM	gestational diabetes mellitus
MODY	maturity-onset diabetes of the young
hESC	human embryonic stem cells
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
hiPSC	human induced pluripotent stem cells
TCR	T cell receptor
MHC	Major histocompatibility complexes
APC	Antigen presenting cells
GSIS	glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
NOD-scid	non-obese diabeteic/severe combined immunodeficiency
HLA	human leukocyte antigens
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PD-1	Programmed death 1
DSB	Double-stranded DNA break
ZFN	Zinc finger nucleases
TALEN	Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly interspaced-Short Palindromic Repeats
TALEs	Transcription activator-like effectors
sgRNA	short noncoding guide RNAs
Cas9	CRISPR-associated protein 9
B2M	Beta 2 microglobulin
KO	knockout
MSC	mesenchymal stem cells
MMTT	mixed meal tolerance test
IBMIR	Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction