Table 1.
Average vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and pH of premium-grade red palm oil (RPO)-loaded nanoliposomes at different ratios of phosphatidylcholine to premium-grade RPO.
| EYPC/RPO (w/w) | Average Vesicle Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empty nanoliposome | 196.20 ± 2.16 a | 0.396 ± 0.003 e | −39.57 ± 0.06 a | 4.60 ± 0.006 a |
| 1:1 | 239.3 ± 7.22 d | 0.385 ± 0.004 d | −38.73 ± 0.65 b | 4.65 ± 0.000 b |
| 3:1 | 231.6 ± 5.65 d | 0.378 ± 0.004 c | −38.63 ± 0.21 b | 4.66 ± 0.000 c |
| 5:1 | 217.2 ± 3.84 c | 0.366 ± 0.002 b | −36.60 ± 0.10 c | 4.68 ± 0.006 d |
| 7:1 | 209.0 ± 2.60 c | 0.359 ± 0.003 a | −35.17 ± 0.50 d | 4.67 ± 0.006 c |
| 10:1 | 199.3 ± 4.18 b | 0.354 ± 0.006 a | −34.50 ± 0.56 d | 4.72 ± 0.000 d |
Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three measurements. Letters within the same column are compared for significant differences (p < 0.05).