Figure 3.

The principles of applying mRNA vaccines in regenerative medicine, as relevant to dentistry, are consistent across medical fields. The cardiac model of myocardial fibrosis illustrates how mRNA vaccines promote iPSC generation, reprogramming, and differentiation to regenerate functional cardiomyocytes, improving heart contractility and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The goal is to restore functional parenchyma. mRNA vaccines deliver key transcription factors, including OCT4 and SOX2 to facilitate differentiation, and GATA4 and NKX2.5 to promote reprogramming.