MASH/NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
MAFLD/NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
PKA	protein kinase A
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
AKT/PKB	protein Kinase B
AMPK	adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
PPARγ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
FABP4	fatty acid-binding protein 4
BMP4	bone morphogenetic protein 4
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1
ARC	activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein
AgRP	agouti-related protein
NPY	neuropeptide Y
GIP	gastric inhibitory polypeptide
GIPR	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
GCG	glucagon
GCGR	glucagon receptor
NTS	nucleus tractus solitarius
AOM	azoxymethane
FDA	food and drug administration
TAG	triacylglycerol
WAT	white adipose tissue
HbA1c	glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C
CCK	cholecystokinin
PYY	peptide YY
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
mTORC2	mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4
GSK3	glycogen synthase kinase-3
MAPKKK	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
BAT	brown adipose tissue
p38-MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
ERK	extracellular signal-related kinases
ERK5	extracellular signal-related kinases 5
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2
TCF	transcription factor
C1EBPα/CCAAT	enhancer-binding proteins
ADD1	adducin 1
APM	acute poliomyelitis
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
OSBPL2	oxysterol binding protein-like 2
CXXC5	CXXC finger protein 5
NOTUM	notum palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase