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. 2025 Feb 7;14(4):1066. doi: 10.3390/jcm14041066
MACS Magnetic-Assisted Cell Sorting
DGC Density Gravity Centrifugation
SU Swim-Up
ART Assisted Reproduction Technology
AI Artificial Intelligence
HPV Human Papilloma Virus
HBV Hepatitis B Virus
ICSI Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
IVF In Vitro Fertilization
HOS test/HOST Hypo-Osmotic Swelling Test
WHO World Health Organization
CASA Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
NO Nitric Oxide
DFI DNA Fragmentation Index
SCD Sperm Chromatin Dispersion
SCSA Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay
OS Oxidative Stress
TUNEL Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling
COC Cumulus Oophorus Complex
PICSI Physiological Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
IUI Intrauterine Insemination
CPR Clinical Pregnancy Rate
LBR Live Birth Rate
IMSI Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection
OAT Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia
TESA Testicular Sperm Aspiration
HA Hyaluronic Acid
SDF Sperm DNA Fragmentation