| CI | Confidence interval |
| HOMA | Homeostasis model assessment |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| DEXA | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| SBP | Systolic blood pressure |
| FFM | Fat-free mass |
| MET | Metabolic equivalent of task |
| CT | Computed tomography |
| FMI | Fat mass index |
| BIA | Bioelectrical impedance analysis |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| II | Insulin index |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
| HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| ISI | Insulin sensitivity index |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| HOMA-IR | homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
| IDMS | Isotope dilution mass spectrometry |
| LSM | Lean soft mass |
| mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid |
| eIF4E | eukaryotic initiation factor 4E |
| 4E-BP1 | 4E-binding protein 1 |
| S6K1 | S6 kinase 1 |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |