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. 2025 Feb 14;15(2):303. doi: 10.3390/life15020303

Table 3.

Muscle activity in isometric phase.

Modified Side-Arm Modified High-Five F
(p-Value)
ηp2 Post Hoc
Yellow (a) Blue (b) Red (c) Yellow (d) Blue (e) Red (f)
M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD
SA 18.08 ± 7.38 21.60 ± 8.62 24.04 ± 9.63 20.97 ± 9.28 24.65 ± 10.04 27.34 ± 9.59 12.953
(p < 0.001)
0.382 ad < ef
a < b < cf
LT 9.83 ± 5.08 12.09 ± 5.69 14.19 ± 6.18 12.01 ± 4.75 15.84 ± 6.32 18.76 ± 6.38 38.714
(p < 0.001)
0.648 a < b<ce < f
d < e < f
LS 9.50 ± 3.88 11.14 ± 4.68 13.42 ± 5.23 11.67 ± 4.92 14.99 ± 6.32 20.43 ± 7.94 37.856
(p < 0.001)
0.643 a < b < ce < f
a < d < e < f
UT 12.05 ± 7.93 13.94 ± 8.23 15.74 ± 8.37 14.23 ± 8.58 18.42 ± 8.77 22.13 ± 8.81 21.969
(p < 0.001)
0.511 a < b < c < f
d < e < f
a < e
MD 19.08 ± 5.63 22.63 ± 5.77 25.81 ± 5.80 20.69 ± 5.86 25.95 ± 7.36 28.24 ± 7.77 30.865
(p < 0.001)
0.595 a < b < c < f
ad < e < f
d < c

M: mean; SD: standard deviation; ηp2: partial eta squared; LS: levator scapulae; UT: upper trapezius; SA: serratus anterior; LT: lower trapezius; MD: middle deltoid.