AK |
Actinic keratosis |
UV |
Ultraviolet |
5-FU |
5-fluorouracil |
PDT |
Photodynamic therapy |
HA |
Hyaluronic acid |
LSR |
Local skin reactions |
CCR |
Complete clearance rate |
SA |
Salicylic acid |
SL |
Solar lentigo |
IMI |
Imiquimod |
NSAID |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
COX-2 |
Cyclooxygenase-2 |
RCM |
Reflectance confocal microscopy |
IFN-α |
Interferon-alpha |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
TLR7 |
Toll-like receptor 7 |
MAL |
Methyl aminolevulinate |
ALA |
Aminolevulinic acid |
ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
MMP |
Matrix metalloproteinases |
TGF-β1 |
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 |
MITF |
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
NADPH |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen |
cSCC |
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma |
IPL |
Intense pulsed light |
PDL |
Pulsed-dye laser |
GAIS |
Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale |
OTR |
Organ transplant recipient |
LPNY |
Nd:YAG laser |