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. 2025 Feb 18;17(4):720. doi: 10.3390/nu17040720

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© 2025 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of LTA on metabolites of intestinal contents in mice (n = 6). (A) PCoA score plot. (B) PLS-DA score plot. (C) Oxoglutaric acid levels. (D) L-ascorbic acid levels. (E) KEGG pathway classification (LTA400 vs. MOD). (F) Heat map showing the expression of the top 50 differential metabolites (LTA400 vs. MOD). (G) Spearman correlation analysis of abundances of specific genera in fecal flora and specific intestinal metabolites. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. Data are represented as mean ± SD.