| HM | heavy metal |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| PGPRs | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria |
| MAC | maximum allowable concentration |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| NDOR | NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase |
| GST | glutathione-S transferase |
| HM | heavy metal |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| PGPRs | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria |
| MAC | maximum allowable concentration |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| NDOR | NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase |
| GST | glutathione-S transferase |