Variable	p-Value
Sex	0.005
Age	<0.001
Diabetes	<0.001
Hypertension	<0.001
Systemic infections	0.016
Cardiovascular disease	0.950
Recurrent upper-urinary-tract infections	0.600
Gout or elevated serum uric acid levels	0.449
Regular use of NSAIDs or nephrotoxic medications	<0.001
Decreased renal mass or unilateral kidney, congenital or acquired	0.164
Family history of CKD	0.470
Detected kidney stones or urinary tract stones	0.830
BMI	0.007
Waist circumference (metabolic disease)	0.206
Exercise	0.858
Smoking	0.315
Alcohol consumption	0.546
Unvoid urine	0.883
Drink a small amount of water (<40mL/kg/day)	0.643
Use herbal medicines or traditional medicines	0.329
Current use of pain relievers or NSAIDs	0.074
Current use of dietary supplements	0.325
eGFR	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)	0.127
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)	<0.001
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)	0.086
Serum lipid	0.382
Self-management behavior assessment score (S1)	0.169
CKD knowledge score	<0.001
Self-care ability assessment score (S2)	0.010
MTM	0.005