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. 2025 Feb 12;18(2):244. doi: 10.3390/ph18020244
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ARE Antioxidant response element
ATF6 Activating transcription factor 6
Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
CDKs Cyclin-dependent kinases
DDR DNA damage response
DRI D-retro-inverso
ETC Electron transport chain
FTH1 Ferritin heavy chain 1
FOXO4 Forkhead box O4
GSH Glutathione
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
Grx Glutaredoxin
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
LEC Lens epithelial cell
LECs Lens epithelial cells
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
MiDAS Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OFZ Organelle-free zone
OIS Oncogene-induced senescence
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
p16 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)
p21 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A)
p53 Tumor protein p53
PERK Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
RB Retinoblastoma protein
RNS Reactive nitrogen species
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SA-β-gal Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
TAF Telomere-associated DNA damage foci
TUNEL Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
UPR Unfolded protein response
UV Ultraviolet
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
WT Wild-type