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. 2025 Feb 14;13(2):185. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13020185
AI Artificial intelligence
ALK Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
APC Antigen-presenting cell
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
BiTE Bispecific T-cell engager
CBI Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CTA Cancer/testis antigen
CTL Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
DC Dendritic cell
EGF Epidermal growth factor
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
ESCs Embryonic stem cells
EML-4 Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4
FDA Food and Drug Administration
GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
ICIs Immune checkpoint inhibitors
IL-12 Interleukin 12
IL-23 Interleukin 23
iPSC Irradiated pluripotent stem cells
KLH Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
MAGE-A3 Melanoma antigen family A, 3
MHC I Major histocompatibility complex I
MHC II Major histocompatibility complex
MOS Median overall survival
MUC 1 Mucin 1
NK Natural killer
NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer
NY-ESO-1 New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
OS Overall survival
PFS Progression-free survival
PR Partial response
PSA Prostate-specific antigen
RECIST Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
SCLC Small cell lung cancer
SD Stable disease
TAAs Tumor-associated antigens
TACA Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens
TCR T-cell receptor
TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TME Tumor microenvironment
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha