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. 2025 Feb 12;12:1446715. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1446715

Table 3.

Multinomial logit model (MNL) results and willing to pay (WTP).

Attribute Level Coefficients SE 95% CI WTP
CNY ¥
p-value RI
Presbyopia correction Trifocal 0.353 0.053 0.249,0.458 34,962 <0.001 27.48%
Bifocal 0.346 0.058 0.234,0.463 34,723
Monofocal Ref.
Spherical aberration correction Yes (Aspheric IOLs) 0.410 0.031 0.349,0.473 27,248 <0.001 16.12%
No (Spherical IOLs) Ref.
Astigmatism correction Yes (Toric IOLs) 0.234 0.030 0.175,0.294 15,543 <0.001 9.20%
No (Non-toric IOLs) Ref.
Blue-blocking functionality Yes 0.032 0.032 −0.031,0.097 2,145 0.377 1.25%
No Ref.
Surgeon’s recommendation With 0.028 0.031 −0.033,0.090 1899 0.377 1.10%
Without Ref.
Probability of adverse visual phenomena Increase risk by 1% −0.006 0.002 −0.012,-0.001 −869.9 0.025 9.43%
Cost CNY ¥1 increase −0.00003 0.000009 −0.00005, −0.00001 0.002 35.39%

SE, standard error; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals; RI, relative importance; CNY ¥: Chinese Yuan; Ref., reference.