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. 2025 Feb 25;15:6774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90480-8

Table 3.

Multivariate cox regression model in the training cohort.

Variables OS P value CSS P value
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
Age at diagnose (years)
 < 77 Reference Reference
 ≥ 77 2.591 (1.993, 3.367) 0.000 1.515 (1.081, 2.123) 0.016
Distant metastasis
 No Reference Reference
 Yes 3.134 (1.614, 6.084) 0.001 4.060 (1.989, 8.287) 0.000
AJCC stage
 I–II Reference Reference
 III–IV 1.543 (1.070, 2.226) 0.020 1.833 (1.075, 3.125) 0.026
Type of surgery
 Total or radical parotidectomy Reference Reference
 Local parotidectomy 0.715 (0.542, 0.944) 0.018 0.624 (0.432, 0.901) 0.012
Regional nodes positive
 < 4 Reference Reference
 ≥ 4 1.152 (0.827, 1.605) 0.404 1.518 (1.026, 2.246) 0.037
Tumor size (mm)
 < 28 Reference Reference
 ≥ 28 1.726 (1.309, 2.277) 0.000 1.523 (1.062, 2.183) 0.022