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. 2025 Feb 25;15:6768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90783-w

Table 2.

CAV fleet optimization targets used in our experiments.

Inline graphic Inline graphic Interpretation Optimization target
1 0 Selfish minimize only CAV travel time
0 1 Altruistic minimize only HDV travel time
0 Inline graphic Malicious maximize HDV travel time
1 Inline graphic Disruptive maximize travel time for HDV and minimize for CAV
1 1 Social minimize total travel time (system optimum)